超越图像:从“飞机之眼”到现代主义城市设计的认知模型

Beyond the Image:From the"Eyes of the Airplane"to Cognitive Models of Modernist Urban Design

观看方式和再现方式的变迁常常能带来新的空间认知和建筑策略。飞机鸟瞰与航拍图作为20世纪特有的机械化观看和再现方式,不仅为这一时期欧洲艺术在视觉领域的革命提供了客观证据,也帮助现代主义建筑师拓展了体验、认知、表现空间的维度,甚至从空中揭示了城市规划的未来图景和新标准。该文以“飞机之眼”作为切入口,从城市鸟瞰的历史、航拍视角对景观的再现及其在现代主义城市设计的应用三个层面,试图发掘鸟瞰图超越图像工具层面的设计潜力。

Changes in the ways of viewing and representing often lead to new spatial perceptions and architectural strategies. As a unique mechanized viewing and reproduction method of the twentieth century, bird's-eye views and aerial photographs not only provided objective evidence for the revolution of European art in the visual field during this period, but also helped modernist architects expand the dimensions of experience, cognition and space expression, and even revealed the future picture and new standards of urban planning from the air. Taking "eyes of the airplane" as the starting point, we try to explore the design potential of bird's-eye view beyond the level of image tools from three aspects: the history of urban bird's-eye view, the representation of landscape from the perspective of aerial photography and its application in modernist urban design.