窄间隙焊接变形研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress of Narrow Gap Welding Deformation

在大厚度结构件的焊接中窄间隙焊接技术具有生产效率高、接头力学性能好等优点。然而,窄间隙焊接技术对坡口变形非常敏感,微小的变形量也会对焊接过程产生很大影响,并直接导致焊件结构精度和力学性能降低。有必要深入研究窄间隙焊接变形的规律和控制机理。综述了窄间隙焊接变形的数值模拟和实验测量两大研究方法的研究现状。数值模拟法方面主要介绍了热-弹塑性有限元法和固有应变法;实验测量法主要介绍了变形标点测量、位移传感器、激光跟踪仪和三维扫描测量法。通过对比分析窄间隙焊接变形研究方法的原理和特点,表明数值模拟和实验测量相结合的研究方式能够更准确地揭示窄间隙焊接变形规律和机理。

In the welding of high thickness structural parts,narrow gap welding technology has the advantages of high production efficiency,good mechanical properties of joints and so on.However,narrow gap welding technology is very sensitive to groove deformation,and small deformation makes a great impact on the welding process,and directly lead to the reduction of precision of structural and mechanical properties of weldments.It is necessary to deeply study the rule and control mechanism of narrow gap welding deformation.The research status of the two methods of numerical simulation and experimental measurement for narrow gap welding deformation was reviewed.Thermal-elastic-plastic finite element method and inherent strain method were mainly introduced in the numerical simulation method.Deformation punctuation measurement,displacement sensor,laser tracker and 3D scanning measurement were mainly introduced in the experimental measurement method.By analyzing the principle and characteristics of the research methods of narrow gap welding deformation,the results show that the research method combining numerical simulation with experimental measurement can reveal the rules and mechanisms of narrow gap welding deformation more accurately.