煤粉锅炉燃烧系统灵活性改造调峰技术研究进展

Research progress of peaking technology for flexibility modification of pulverized coal boiler combustion system

随着清洁能源发电比重持续上升,煤电机组逐步转变成为基础调节电源,而锅炉作为煤电机组的三大主机之一,其为实现调峰速度和深度的关键设备。综述煤电灵活调峰政策及现状,系统分析锅炉侧提升灵活性的三大关键制约因素,即燃烧稳定性、水动力安全性和辅机适应性三者优化控制可满足宽负荷调节,在此基础上再分别从燃烧运行方式、燃烧器布置选型、智能检测与优化算法3个方面探讨提升燃烧稳定性的可行性路径及调峰技术措施,以期为实现电站锅炉灵活性调节提供基础理论支撑及技术借鉴。在燃烧运行方式方面,优化燃烧过程控制策略,合理调整燃烧空气量与燃料量的配比以及确保炉膛内温度稳定是提升燃烧性能的关键;在燃烧器布置选型方面,提高燃烧器的性能和适应性以达到锅炉负荷灵活变化的目的,同时选用合适的点火方式可以实现经济性和稳定性的目标。在智能检测与算法方面,实时监测锅炉运行参数,通过数据获取与分析实现自动调控及预警,从而实现燃烧过程的精确控制。

As the proportion of clean energy generation continues to rise,coal-fired power units are gradually transitioning into basic regulating power sources.The boiler is one of the three main parts of coal-fired power unit.It is the key equipment for realizing the speed and depth of peak shifting.This paper summarizes the flexible peaking policy and current situation of coal-fired power unit.The systematic analysis of the three key constraints(combustion stability,hydrodynamic safety and adaptability of auxiliary equipment)to enhance the flexibility of the boiler are discussed,these three constraints can meet wide load regulation.On this basis,the feasible paths and technical measures to improve combustion stability are discussed from three aspects including combustion operation mode,burner arrangement selection and intelligent detection and optimization algorithms.It can provide basic theoretical support and technical reference for achieving flexible regulation of power plant boilers.In the combustion operation mode,the key to improve the combustion performance is to optimize the combustion process control strategy,the ratio of combustion air and fuel volume was adjusted reasonably as well as to ensure the stability of the temperature in the furnace.In terms of burner arrangement selection,the goal of achieving flexible load changes is realized by improving the performance and adaptability of the burner.Economy and stability can be achieved by choosing the appropriate ignition method.In terms of intelligent detection and algorithm,real-time monitoring of boiler operating parameters is deeded,through data acquisition and analysis,the automatic regulation and early warning can be achieved,and the precise control of the combustion process can be achieved.