国企混改对劳动力配置的经济影响

The Economic Impact of Mixed Ownership Reform of State-owned Enterprises on Labor Allocation

利用2004—2023年我国沪深A股国有上市公司数据,实证研究了国企混改对劳动力配置的经济影响。研究发现,国企混改会显著促进企业劳动力技术结构升级,即企业会降低低技能劳动力占比,并降低低学历劳动力占比。与此同时,国企混改会提升企业劳动力平均工资与企业绩效的黏性,并提升企业员工规模与企业绩效的黏性,即在增加企业劳动力工资有效性的同时,提升企业的劳动力利用效率。异质性分析发现,国企混改对中央控股国企、引入资本中用于员工持股改革比例较低、处于非竞争性行业和高劳动力密集行业的企业劳动力产生了更为显著的影响。

Using the data of A-share state-owned listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2004 to 2023,this paper empirically studies the economic impact of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises on labor allocation.It is found that the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises will promote the technological upgrading of enterprise labor force,that is,enterprises will reduce the proportion of low skilled labor force,and reduce the proportion of low educated labor force.At the same time,the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises will enhance the stickiness between the average wage and performance,and improve the stickingness of labor quantity and performance,that is,improve the effectiveness of labor and the efficiency of labor utilizetion.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises has a more significant impact on the state-owned enterprises with central control and the enterprise with a lower proportion of other social capital used for reform.At the same time,it has a more significant impact on the labor force of enterprises in non-competitive industries and high labor-intensive industries.