建设技能型社会需要什么样的技能形成体系——基于中国企业用工情况的调查

What Kind of Skill Formation System is Needed for the Construction of a Skilled Society—Based on the Survey of Chinese Enterprises’Employment

建设技能型社会要厘清技能形成关键环节的基本现状。对涵盖东中西部8个省市10个行业门类的54家企业进行调研,结合各类统计年鉴、调查报告等宏观数据,探明企业技能供需情况,从技能工作吸引力角度分析技能学习、提供和使用环节的现状,讨论工作本位的技能积累机制构建程度,剖析以职业技能证书体系为代表的技能形成外部支撑现状。认为技能供给存在浪费、不足等错配问题,职业教育须进一步增强适应性;需要在职业教育体系中明确区别技能教育与技术教育,发展专门化的技术教育;着力建立完善有利于技能形成和吸引人们学习技能的劳动用工制度;建设引导技能成才的国家技能证书体系、技能等级以及技能晋级制度。

To build a skilled society,it is necessary to clarify the basic status quo of the key links in skill formation.This paper investigates 54 enterprises covering 10 industries in 8 provinces and cities in the east,central and western regions of China.Combined with macro data such as various statistical yearbooks and investigation reports,the paper explores supply and demand situation of enterprise skills.From the perspective of the attractiveness of skill jobs,the paper analyzes the current situation of the links of skill learning,provision and use.Also,this paper discusses the construction degree of the work-based skill accumulation mechanism,and the current situation of the external support for skill formation represented by the vocational skill certificate system.It is believed that there are mismatching problems such as waste and insufficiency in skill supply,and vocational education must further enhance its adaptability.It is necessary to clearly distinguish skill education from technical education in the vocational education system and develop specialized technical education.Efforts should be made to establish and improve the labor employment system that is conducive to skill formation and attracts people to learn skills.Moreover,a national skill certificate system,skill level and skill promotion system that guides people to become talents through skills should be further built.