文化线路遗产与现代性--以西南茶马古道为例

“Cultural Route Heritage and Modernity:A Case Study of the Ancient Tea Horse Road in Southwest China”

茶马古道是指连接中国西南部茶叶生产区(即云南和四川)与云南、四川、西藏及其他地区茶叶消费区的交通路线网络,但“茶马古道”一词的能指大于其各部分的总和。自20世纪90年代初命名以来,茶马古道成为此路线遗产概念创造、分类、遗产化以及存续发展的前提条件,并在接下来的几十年里从学术概念发展为一个被国内学术界、官方遗产话语、市场经济以及大众文化所广泛接受的对象。本文以“现代性”作为研究框架,将茶的种植、加工、流通和消费的故事称为“流动性叙事”,认为茶马古道作为路线遗产和流动性叙事之概念化历史,与其宣称和所表征的实际历史一样重要,茶马古道的命名行为不仅识别了一件历史文物(即“茶马古道”),还形成了一个远远超出创作者初衷的实体,它也是新兴的中国现代性的一部分。

The Ancient Tea Horse Road refers to a network of routes connecting the tea production zones in Southwest China(namely Yunnan and Sichuan)with tea consumption zones in Yunnan,Sichuan,Tibet,and other areas.However,the term“Ancient Tea Horse Road”as a signifier is more than the sum of its parts.Since its naming in the early 1990s,the Ancient Tea Horse Road has become the premise for the creation,classification,heritage recognition,and sustainable development of route heritage in Southwest China.Over the following decades,it evolved from an academic concept into a subject widely accepted by scholars,official heritage discourse,the market economy,and popular culture.This paper uses“modernity”as a research framework,referring to the stories of tea cultivation,processing,circulation,and consumption as“mobility narratives.”It argues that the conceptual history of the Ancient Tea Horse Road as a route heritage and mobility narrative is as significant as the actual history it seeks to represent.The naming of the Ancient Tea Horse Road not only identifies a historical artifact but also forms an entity far beyond the creators'original intentions,contributing to an emerging Chinese-style modernity.