“守一而望多”:小学教师职前培养模式的第三选择与建构路径

“Keeping One and Looking Forward to Many”:the Third Choice and Construction Path of Pre-Service Training Mode for Primary School Teachers

职前培养模式是确保教师教育质量的关键所在,全科和分科模式培养出的大批高素质小学教师推动了我国基础教育高质量发展。然而,随着教育现代化进程加快、城乡教育均衡化发展和小学师资需求转向,单一化的培养模式已难以满足新时代基础教育发展的多维诉求。“守一而望多”的职前培养模式在汲取全科与分科模式各自优势的基础上融入乡土情感,具备调和性、自觉性、实践性与乡土性的典型特征,有助于高校摆脱培养模式的两难抉择、满足教育教学的师资需求、缓解教师队伍学科结构性失衡问题和增强师范生教育效能感。具体而言,该模式的建构路径在于以“专通结合”和乡土情感融入为培养理念,以“强广厚优”的创新型人才为培养目标,在课程设置上注重综合化和专业化协同发展,在素养结构上强调职业素养和专业素养并重,在教学方式上兼顾理论教学和教育实践。

The pre-service training mode is the key to ensure the quality of teacher education.A large number of high-quality teachers cultivated by the general education mode and specialized education mode have been promoting the high-quality development of basic education in China.However,with the acceleration of educational modernization,the balanced development of urban and rural education and the shift in the demand for primary school teachers,the single training mode is difficult to meet the multidimensional demands of the development of basic education in the new era.The pre-service training mode of“keeping one and looking forward to many”integrates local emotion on the basis of drawing on the respective advantages of both general and specialized education mode,and has four typical characteristics of reconciliation,consciousness,practicality and locality,which helps colleges and universities get rid of the dilemma of training mode,meet the demands of teaching stuff,alleviate the structural imbalance of teachers and disciplines and enhance the educational efficacy of normal college students.Specifically,the construction path includes:the training concept of the combination of specialized education with local emotion,the training goal of innovative talents,the emphasis on integrated and professional coordinated development in curriculum setting,the emphasis on both vocational and professional literacy in the quality structure,and the consideration of theoretical teaching and educational practice in the teaching method.