2014—2023年北京市昌平区水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Changping district of Beijing,2014-2023

目的分析2014—2023年北京市昌平区水痘流行病学特征,以便为防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集2014—2023年昌平区水痘病例资料,分析病例的流行特征。结果2014—2023年昌平区共报告水痘病例11524例,年均发病率55.67/10万,发病总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=843.403,P<0.001);发病年龄中位数为19.27岁;10—12月为发病主高峰,4—6月为发病次高峰;发病率居前三位的地区是沙河地区(82.13/10万)、城北街道(71.62/10万)和南邵地区(67.24/10万);男性发病高于女性;发病主要集中在20岁以下组;以学生和散居儿童为主;5起突发公共卫生事件均发生在学校;1、2剂次水痘疫苗年均接种率为65.72%和46.67%。结论昌平区水痘发病总体呈下降趋势,在时空、人群中表现出一定的聚集性,发病年龄后移情况明显。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Changping district of Beijing from 2014 to 2023,to provide reference evidence for prevention and control measures.Methods Data on varicella cases in Changping district(2014-2023)were collected and analyzed to determine the epidemiological characteristics.Results A total of 11524 varicella cases were reported in Changping district from 2014 to 2023,with an annual average incidence of 55.67 per 100000,showing an overall downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=843.403,P<0.001).The median age of cases was 19.27 years.The peak incidence was observed from Oct to Dec each year,with a secondary peak from Apr to Jun.The top three areas with the highest incidence rates were Shahe district(82.13/100000),Chengbei subdistrict(71.62/100000),and Nanshao district(67.24/100000).The annual incidence rate was higher in males than in females.The onset was mainly concentrated in those under 20 years of age.Most of the varicella patients were students,scattered children.The 5 cases of public health emergencies took place in school.The average annual vaccination rates for one and two doses of the varicella vaccine were 65.72%and 46.67%,respectively.The incidence of herpes zoster showed a general upward trend.Conclusions The incidence of varicella in the Changping district showed a downward trend.Spatial,temporal,and demographic clustering was observed.There was a notable trend of the peak age of cases shifting higher over time.