2002—2021年飞行人员泌尿生殖系统疾病住院疾病谱分析

Inpatients'disease spectrum of urogenital system diseases in aircrews in 2002-2021

目的分析空军特色医学中心泌尿外科飞行人员住院疾病谱特点及演变规律,为航卫保障提供临床依据。方法回顾性分析2002年1月—2021年12月于空军特色医学中心泌尿外科住院的飞行人员病例资料。结果患有泌尿生殖系统疾病的飞行人员共273例,均为男性,住院疾病谱构成率比较高的疾病依次为肾结石、输尿管结石、肾细胞癌、前列腺炎、肾囊肿和精索静脉曲张。发病率较高的疾病中,肾结石、肾上腺腺瘤在2012—2021年的构成比高于2002—2011年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.030、4.888,P=0.002、0.027);而肾细胞癌、前列腺炎、特发性血尿在2002—2011年的构成比高于2012—2021年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.253、12.586、10.786,P=0.039、<0.001、=0.001)。肾结石、输尿管结石、肾细胞癌和肾囊肿在不同年龄段泌尿生殖系统疾病构成比中的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.488、6.978、15.893、13.627,P<0.001、=0.031、0.039、0.001)。结论泌尿系统结石、肾细胞癌和前列腺炎是常见的影响飞行人员身心健康和飞行安全泌尿生殖系统疾病,在日常空勤医学保障和临床科研工作中要给予高度关注。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and evolution of the disease spectrum of urology among hospitalized flight crews at the Air Force Medical Center between January of 2002 and December of 2021 in order to provide data for aviation health protection.Methods The clinical data of flight crew members admitted to the Department of Urology between 2002 and 2021 was retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 273 aircrews with genitourinary system diseases,all of whom were males.The diseases with high incidence rates were renal calculi,ureteral calculi,renal cell carcinoma,prostatitis,renal cyst and varicocele.The proportions of renal calculi and adrenal adenoma in 2012-2021 were higher than in 2002-2011,and the difference was of statistical significance(χ^(2)=10.030,4.888,P=0.002,0.027).The proportions of renal cell carcinoma,prostatitis and idiopathic hematuria in 2002-2011 were higher than in 2012-2021,with statistical significance(χ^(2)=4.253,12.586,10.786,P=0.039,<0.001,=0.001).The difference in composition ratios of genitourinary diseases between kidney stones,ureteral stones,renal cell carcinoma and renal cyst was statistically significant across age groups(χ^(2)=15.488,6.978,15.893,13.627,P<0.001,=0.031,0.039,0.001).Conclusion Urolithiasis,renal cell carcinoma and prostatitis are common genitourinary diseases that affect the health and safety of aircrews,which deserves more attention.