军事飞行人员住院情况调查研究

Factors leading up to hospitalization of military fl ying personnel

目的调查军事飞行人员1年内住院情况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法,随机抽取航空兵部队1056名飞行人员作为调查对象。通过问卷调查收集其一般情况、1年内住院情况、健康行为等资料进行统计分析。结果本次调查共回收有效问卷964份,有效率91.29%。其中1年内住院人数为138名,占比14.32%。不同年龄(χ^(2)=15.74,P<0.001)、军龄(χ^(2)=7.73,P=0.021)、文化程度(χ^(2)=6.29,P=0.012)、机种(χ^(2)=23.42,P<0.001)、机型(χ^(2)=17.33,P<0.001)、婚姻状况(χ^(2)=7.71,P=0.006)、日飞行次数(χ^(2)=6.84,P=0.009)及总飞行时间(χ^(2)=11.23,P=0.004)的飞行人员在1年内住院率的差异有统计学意义。1年内住院相关的危险因素有年龄(OR=1.968,95%CI:1.375~2.817)、使用药物(OR=5.613,95%CI:2.454~12.834)、健康关注度(OR=3.225,95%CI:1.497~6.948)和情绪低落(OR=1.775,95%CI:1.062~2.967),保护因素有机型(OR=0.440,95%CI:0.311~0.622)、独生子女(OR=0.532,95%CI:0.324~0.871)、日飞行次数(OR=0.472,95%CI:0.285~0.784)、合理膳食(OR=0.585,95%CI:0.347~0.988)和工作满意度(OR=0.497,95%CI:0.268~0.923)。对1年内住院飞行人员肌肉骨骼系统患病的危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,1年内住院肌肉骨骼系统患病的危险因素有超重/肥胖(OR=2.790,95%CI:1.296~6.004)、使用药物(OR=4.112,95%CI:1.487~11.373);保护因素有生活满意度(OR=0.397,95%CI:0.176~0.894)。结论飞行人员住院情况的影响因素较多,应在其训练和日常保障中,合理安排飞行训练,规律作息,加强心理疏导,从而改善飞行人员的身心健康状况。

Objective To investigate hospitalizations and inf luencing factors among military f lying personnel within one year.Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1056 flying personnel from Air Force stations or aviation units as the subjects.Data on their overall health,hospitalization within one year,and health behavior was collected for statistical analysis.Results A total of 964 valid questionnaires were collected during this survey.There were 138 hospitalizations within one year,accounting for 14.32%.There were significant differences in rates of hospitalization between flying personnel of different ages(χ^(2)=15.74,P<0.001),lengths of service(χ^(2)=7.73,P=0.021),levels of education(χ^(2)=6.29,P=0.012),types of aircraft(χ^(2)=23.42,P<0.001),aircraft models(χ^(2)=17.33,P<0.001),marital status(χ^(2)=7.71,P=0.006),daily flight frequency(χ^(2)=6.84,P=0.009),and cumulative flying hours(χ^(2)=11.23,P=0.004)within one year.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with hospitalization within one year were age(OR=1.968,95%CI:1.375~2.817),medications(OR=5.613,95%CI:2.454~12.834),health concerns(OR=3.225,95%CI:1.497~6.948)and depression(OR=1.775,95%CI:1.062~2.967).The protective factors included aircraft types(OR=0.440,95%CI:0.311~0.622),only child(OR=0.532,95%CI:0.324~0.871),daily f light frequency of flight missions(OR=0.472,95%CI:0.285~0.784),rational diets(OR=0.585,95%CI:0.347~0.988)and job satisfaction(OR=0.497,95%CI:0.268~0.923).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on the risk factors for musculoskeletal system diseases among hospitalized pilots within one year.The results showed that the risk factors for musculoskeletal system diseases within one year were overweight/obesity(OR=2.790,95%CI:1.296~6.004)and medication use(OR=4.112,95%CI:1.487~11.373);The protective factor is life satisfaction(OR=0.397,95%CI:0.176~0.894).Conclusion There are many factors that influence hospitalizations among flying personnel.In training and daily health care,proper training,regular work and rest,and psychological counseling are critical to the physical and mental health of military flying personnel.