驻高原飞行人员膳食调查与评估

Dietary survey and evaluation of military aircrews stationed on a plateau

目的调查驻高原航空兵部队飞行人员膳食营养状况,为针对性营养保障工作提供理论依据。方法2023年4—5月,选取驻海拔3000 m以上A、B、C 3个航空兵部队190名飞行人员作为调查对象,采用称量法进行连续3 d(至少包括1个飞行日)的膳食调查,计算出人均每日能量及各种营养素摄入量;采用体动仪记录法采集17名飞行人员24 h动作能量消耗量,并计算全日能量消耗总量,并以《军人营养素供给量》(GJB 823B-2016)和《军人食物定量》(GJB 826C-2022)为依据,结合飞行人员高原训练和生活实际能量消耗情况,进行膳食营养评价。结果3个航空兵部队飞行人员的人均每日摄入能量分别3346、3379、2679kcal,A、B单位飞行人员总摄入能量均达到军用标准推荐量,C单位未达到,仅为军用标准推荐量低值的79.0%。3个单位人均每日能量消耗分别为2422、2458、2230 kcal,其中C单位总能量摄入未达到军标。在三大营养素供能比中,A单位蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供能比分别为17.0%、49.0%、34.0%,B单位为15.0%、54.0%、31.0%,C单位为14.0%、46.0%、40.0%,除A单位蛋白质供能比较高外,B、C单位蛋白质供能比正常,3个单位均表现为高脂肪、低碳水化合物的饮食结构。结论当前高原飞行人员的饮食结构不合理,食物摄入量不均衡,部分营养素摄入量尚未达到军用标准推荐量,应加强对高原飞行人员的营养宣教,强化对空勤灶的膳食指导,进一步研究高原飞行人员营养膳食工作对策建议。

Objective To investigate the dietary and nutritional status of military aircrews stationed on a plateau and provide a reference basis for the dietary and nutritional support of aviation units training at a high altitude.Method From April to May 2023,190 military aircrews were selected from three aviation units(unit A,unit B and unit C)stationed at an altitude of over 3000 m.A dietary survey was conducted using the weighing method for three consecutive days(at least one flight day was included),and the daily energy and various nutrient intake per person were calculated according to"China Food Composition Table(Sixth Edition)".The physical activity level of the 17 military aircrews was recorded for 24 hours using an ActiGraph,and the total daily energy consumption was calculated.Dietary nutrition valuation was conducted according to"Dietary Allowances for Military Personnel"(GJB 823B-2016)and"Dietary Ration for Military Personnel"(GJB 826C-2022),as well as the actual energy consumption of military aircrews during their high-altitude training and daily life.Results The per capita daily energy intake of military aircrews in the three aviation units was 3346 kcal,3379 kcal,and 2679 kcal,respectively.The total energy intake of military aircrews in units A and B reached the recommended military standard amount,while in unit C,it only accounted for 79.0%of the lower value of the recommended amount.The per capita daily energy consumption was 2422 kcal,2458 kcal,and 2230 kcal,respectively.Though the total energy intake of military aircrews in unit C didn't reach the recommended military standard amount,the daily energy consumption of military aircrews in all three units can meet the need of their daily work and life.Among the three major nutrient energy supply ratios for unit A,the energy supply ratios of protein,fat,and carbohydrate are 17.0%,49.0%,and 34.0%,respectively.For unit B,they are 15.0%,54.0%,and 31.0%,and for unit C,they are 14.0%,46.0%,and 40.0%.Except for the high energy supply from protein in group A,the energy supplies from protein in groups B and C are normal.All three units exhibit a dietary structure of high fat and low carbohydrate intake.Conclusion The current dietary structure of military aircrews at a plateau is unreasonable,and their food intake is uneven.Some nutrients have not yet reached the recommended military standards.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen nutritional education for high-altitude flight personnel,improve dietary guidance for food service providers,and further study nutritional strategies and dietary recommendations for high-altitude military aircrews.