从国际核应急演习探讨核辐射事件长期恢复阶段卫生处置能力建设

Exploration of health response capability construction in the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on an international nuclear emergency exercise

目的分析和探讨核辐射事件长期恢复阶段卫生处置能力建设。方法通过评估我国参加经合组织核能署国际核应急演习的情况,并结合国际原子能机构等国际机构相关导则,分析长期恢复阶段核辐射卫生应急工作需加强的方面,探讨健康监测、医学随访等相关问题。结果长期恢复阶段处置任务主要包括受影响人群监测与信息管理、医学随访、心理援助等工作。为应对核辐射事件,已经在全国建设了22个核辐射紧急医学救援基地,形成重点区域覆盖的格局,相关机构基本具备核辐射卫生应急处置能力。但通过演习发现长期恢复阶段的策略与能力建设是核辐射卫生应急工作的薄弱环节,我国在重大公众防护行动策略及受影响人群信息化管理方面需要进一步加强。结论建议下一步制定重大公众防护行动、受影响人群长期健康监测与评价、医学随访、心理援助等工作的标准作业流程,建设统一的核辐射事件受影响人群健康登记系统,以进一步提升我国核辐射事件长期恢复阶段卫生处置能力。

Objective To analyze and explore the health response capability construction in the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies.Methods By evaluating China’s participation in an international nuclear emer-gency exercise organized by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Nuclear Energy Agency,and considering the relevant guidelines published by international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency,the sections that need to be strengthened in the health response during the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiolo-gical emergencies were analyzed.The related issues such as health monitoring and medical follow-up were explored.Results The tasks in the long-term recovery phase mainly include monitoring the affected population and information management,medical follow-up,and psychological assistance.In response to potential nuclear or radiological emergencies,22 nuclear emergency medical rescue bases have been established in China,with a geographical distribution that includes key regions.Relevant institutions have basic capabilities of health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.However,the exercise shows that strategy and capacity construction in long-term recovery phase are weak points in health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.China should further strengthen strategies in major public protection actions and inform-ation management of affected populations in nuclear or radiological emergencies.Conclusion It is recommended to devel-op standard operating procedures for major public protection actions,long-term health monitoring and evaluation of affected populations,medical follow-up,and psychological assistance in the future.A unified health registration system for affected populations in nuclear or radiological emergencies should be established to further enhance China’s health response capabil-ities during the long-term recovery phase of nuclear or radiological emergencies.