地级市核应急响应能力建设探索

Exploration of the construction of nuclear emergency response capability in prefecture-level cities

随着核工业的蓬勃发展,中国核应急体系的完善性与专业性变得尤为关键。我国核应急体系分为三级,包括国家、核设施所在省(自治区或直辖市)和核设施营运单位,地级市核应急组织是省级核应急组织中不可或缺的角色,也是负责场外核应急响应工作的前沿力量,具备熟悉场外环境、启动响应迅速等优势。随着核电机组数量的增加,特别是出现了同一地级市拥有多个核电基地的情况,现有的地级市核应急能力体系亟需更新与强化。通过深入调研某典型地级市及其县级市的核应急组织体系、专业队伍能力、应急资源配置,发现存在组织体系不完善、接口关系不清晰、人才队伍不专业、资源配置不健全等问题,影响到应急响应的有效性。为应对这些挑战,提出了从制度体系、核心能力、队伍机制和资源配置4个方面,系统地加强地级市核应急响应能力。制度体系的完善是基础、核心能力的强化是关键、队伍机制的健全是保障,地级市应当以任务导向、协调一致、积极兼容的思想和原则,推进核应急能力建设体系化、专业化和规范化,筑牢我国核安全基石。

With the vigorous development of the nuclear industry,the perfection and professionalization of China’s nuclear emergency response system are becoming increasingly crucial.The national nuclear emergency response system is divided into three levels:the national level,the level of provinces(autonomous regions or centrally administered municipalities)with nuclear installations,and the level of operators of nuclear installations.Nuclear emergency response organizations in prefec-ture-level cities play an indispensable role within the provincial nuclear emergency response organizations and are the van-guard force responsible for off-site nuclear emergency response,with advantages such as familiarity with the off-site envir-onment and rapid response initiation.As the number of nuclear power units increases,especially with a single prefecture-level city hosting multiple nuclear bases,the existing nuclear emergency response capabilities and systems in prefecture-level cities urgently need to be updated and strengthened.Through in-depth research on the nuclear emergency response organiza-tion systems,professional team capabilities,and emergency response resource allocation of a typical prefecture-level city and its county-level cities,issues such as incomplete organizational systems,unclear interface relationships,unprofessional tal-ent teams,and imperfect resource allocation have been identified,which affect the effectiveness of emergency response.To address these challenges,a systematic enhancement of nuclear emergency response capabilities in prefecture-level cities was proposed from four aspects:institutional system,core capabilities,team mechanisms,and resource allocation.The perfection of the institutional system is the foundation,the strengthening of core capabilities is the key,and the soundness of team mechanisms is the safeguard.Prefecture-level cities should promote the systematization,specialization,and standardization of nuclear emergency response capability construction with a task-oriented,coordinated,and compatible philosophy and principles,thereby solidifying the cornerstone of China’s nuclear safety.