放射性皮肤损伤相关机制及其研究现状

Research progress in the mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury

随着放疗技术的飞速发展,肿瘤患者的治疗效果更加可观,以及病情可以得到有效控制。但是在放疗过程中,皮肤作为人体第一道屏障,射线不可避免地损伤浅表皮肤组织,其表现为水泡、开裂、出血、溃疡等症状,伤口难以愈合而且影响放疗效果。目前临床上治疗放射性皮肤损伤的药物效果并不可观,新药研发又依赖于机制的阐明,因而探究放射性皮肤损伤的机制尤为重要。所以本文从放射性皮肤损伤发生机制包括DNA损伤、氧化应激、炎症反应、血管损伤以及纤维化来介绍,并整理总结近几年治疗药物以及靶向蛋白,以期对放射皮肤损伤药物进一步发展以及临床应用提供参考。

With the rapid development of radiotherapy technology,the therapeutic outcomes of tumor patients have im-proved significantly,enabling effective disease control.However,during radiotherapy,the skin as the first barrier of the hu-man body is inevitably exposed to radiation,leading to superficial skin injury.This injury often manifests as blistering,cracking,bleeding,and ulceration,resulting in wounds that are difficult to heal and potentially affecting the effectiveness of the treatment.At present,the therapeutic effect of drugs on radiation-induced skin injury remains limited,and the develop-ment of new drugs depends on the elucidation of the mechanisms.Therefore,it is crucial to investigate the mechanisms of ra-diation-induced skin injury.This article reviews these mechanisms,including DNA damage,oxidative stress,inflammatory response,and vascular damage and fibrosis,and summarizes the therapeutic drugs and targeted proteins in recent years,aim-ing to provide a reference for the further development and clinical application of drugs for radiation-induced skin injury.