从“复刻”概念来看妈祖神祗职能的转化——以清代郭遇熙《创建天妃庙文峰塔碑》为例

The Transformation of Mazu's Divine Functions Viewed from the Concept of"Reproduction" ——Taking the Qing Dynasty Guo Yuxi's"Creation of Tianfei Temple Wenfeng Pagoda Monument"as an Example

宋元以来,在跨越时空的传播与演变过程中,妈祖因应各地的地理、历史、社会、文化诸方面,不断地调适其神格、祭典、属神与显灵等方式。清代郭遇熙《创建天妃庙文峰塔碑》碑文中内容,呈现了妈祖神职能的转化与叠加过程。在此碑文中,说明创修文峰塔与天妃庙,旨在“凝聚风气”。具体而言,即运用传统风水的方式来兴文风、利农事。通过修造特定人文景观来规避天然环境的缺陷,并以此改善文风与民俗,借以符合当地的社会需求。因此,妈祖神的职能产生转化与叠加,使妈祖从海神转变为司水之神,从而使这一信仰有效地融入当地的自然环境和人文社会之中,促进在地化的过程。

Since the Song and Yuan dynasties,in the process of transmission and evolution across time and space,Mazu has continuously adapted its divinity,ceremonies,belonging,and manifestations,etc.,in response to various geographical,historical,social,and cultural aspects.The content of the Qing Dynasty Guo Yuxi's"Creation of Tianfei Temple Wenfeng Pagoda Monument"presents the transformation and superposition process of Mazu's divine functions.In this inscription,it explains that the creation of Wenfeng Pagoda and Tianfei Temple is aimed at"condensing the atmosphere".Specifically,it is to use traditional Feng Shui to promote literature and benefit agriculture.Through the construction of specific cultural landscapes to avoid the defects of the natural environment,and to improve the literary style and folklore,to meet the local social needs.Therefore,the functions of Mazu have undergone transformation and superposition,which has transformed Mazu from a sea goddess to a goddess of water,thereby effectively integrating this belief into the local natural environment and human society,and promoting the process of localization.