体外膜肺氧合治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的研究进展

Research progress on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome

体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)作为一种高级的体外循环技术,能够暂时替代或辅助心脏/肺脏的功能,为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)等患者提供必要的生命支持。然而,尽管ECMO在改善氧合状态和降低长期肺功能损害等方面显示出显著效果,但是其在应用过程中仍伴随着高并发症和死亡风险。本文就ECMO治疗ARDS的发展历史、适应证和禁忌证、技术发展、临床疗效、并发症及预后影响因素进行综述,旨在为进一步优化ECMO在ARDS中的应用提供理论依据和实践指导。

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),as an advanced extracorporeal circulation technique,can temporarily replace or assist functions of heart or lung,providing essential life support for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),etc.However,although ECMO has demonstrated significant effect in improving oxygenation and reducing long⁃term lung function damage,its application is still associated with high risks of complications and mortality.This paper reviews the historical development of ECMO in the treatment of ARDS,its indications and contraindications,its technological development,its clinical efficacy,and its complications and prognostic influencing factors,aiming at providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the application of ECMO in ARDS.