论邛海陷城为湖传说的传承演变与文化融合

On the Evolution and Cultural Fusion of the Folklore of Qionghai Lake

四川西昌地区自古流传着邛海系古县城地陷成湖的民间传说,从古籍《搜神记》记载的邛都大蛇为喂养者老姥复仇,传承演变至现今流传最广的梓潼县蛐蟮化青龙向孝子母子报恩,传说各版本以动物报恩或复仇导致地陷成湖为基本原型,而陷湖地地名、主角身份、动物(灵兽)形象、具体情节在传承中有一定变化。这其中反映出蛇与龙的动物图腾崇拜、地方彝族文化、佛家因果报应论、儒家孝义思想等多元文化对该传说的渗透影响。传说在传承演变与文化融合过程中,其意蕴进一步丰富,更具地方特色,也体现了民间群众丰富的想象力和再创造力。

The folk legend of the ancient county town of Qionghai in Xichang,Sichuan has been passed down since ancient times.It has evolved from the ancient book Sou Shen Ji,which records the Qiongdu snake avenging the old grandmother who fed it,to the most widely spread story of Zitong County,where the cricket turned into a green dragon to repay the filial son and his son.The legend is based on the basic prototype of animal gratitude or revenge leading to the sinking into a lake,while the place name,protagonist identity,animal(spirit beast)image,and specific plot of the sunken lake have undergone certain changes in the inheritance.This reflects the infiltration and influence of diverse cultures such as the animal totem worship of snakes and dragons,local Yi culture,Buddhist theory of karma,and Confucian filial piety on this legend.In the process of inheritance,evolution,and cultural fusion,legends have further enriched their meanings,become more local,and also reflect the rich imagination and creativity of the folk masses.