刑事推论认定事实的逻辑路径及其应用维度

The Logical Path and Its Application Dimensions of Criminal Inference for Finding of Facts

根据间接证据进行的刑事推论,应当遵循溯因推理、归谬推理和演绎推理的路径。即利用溯因推理划定证据收集范围,利用归谬推理排除合理怀疑,利用演绎推理确定结论事实。经由该逻辑推理能够保证推论结论达到“排除合理怀疑”和“结论唯一性”的证明程度,所认定事实可作为刑事裁判的事实依据;刑事推论同时适用于客观结果事实、主观明知事实和行为主体事实的认定;但在经验法则可靠程度存在差异时,对间接证据类型的要求略有不同。

Criminal inference based on indirect evidence should follow the path of abductive reasoning,reductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.That is,abductive reasoning is used to delimit the scope of evidence collection,reductive reasoning is used to eliminate reasonable doubt,and deductive reasoning is used to determine the conclusion facts.Through this logical reasoning,the conclusion can be guaranteed to the degree of proof of“beyond reasonable doubt”and“uniqueness of conclusion”,and the facts identified can be used as the factual basis of criminal judgment.Criminal inference is applicable to the identification of objective result facts,subjective knowledge facts,and behavioral subject facts simultaneously.However,when there are differences in the reliability of empirical rules,the requirements for the type of circumstantial evidence are slightly different.