敦煌藏医药文献整理与研究—以改革开放以来的研究成果为中心

Compilation and Research of Dunhuang Tibetan Medical Literature—Centered on the Research Achievements Since the Reform and Opening

敦煌莫高窟藏经洞发现的藏医药写本文献数量较多,内容丰富,属珍贵文献。通过著名藏学家王尧、黄步凡、罗秉芬、强巴赤列、次成尖赞等人对Pel.Tib.127、Pel.Tib.1044、Pel.Tib.1057、Pel.Tib.1058、IOL.Tib.56.57、IOL.Tib.756进行了翻译整理与分析论证,并说明了敦煌藏医药文献不仅对藏医学研究具有重要意义和应用价值,同时对藏族历史和民俗文化等研究有一定的参考价值。文章首先梳理近40年(1982-2022年)国内学者对敦煌藏医药文献的研究成果,从而观察国内敦煌藏医药文献的资料整理情况、学术研究的发展脉络、主要研究领域及其发展趋势。通过文献学方法整理文献并做目录后发现,国内收藏的敦煌藏医药文献有8件,法藏敦煌藏医药文献有56件,英藏敦煌藏医药文献有18件,德藏敦煌藏医药文献有3件。同时,国内学者在敦煌藏医药文献的翻译和研究方面也取得了不少成果,研究内容包括:人体生理、病因、病理、疾病、诊断、治疗方法、药物和文献翻译等。但至今仍有一些珍贵资料有待翻译和研究,而且关于文献中的重要词语的理解,人名、地名和文献名的翻译方法等很多问题上也存在争议。因此,目前该研究领域尚存在“量少、不精、缺乏系统性和全面性”等问题,须进一步深挖并推出新的研究成果。

A substantial collection of Tibetan medical manuscripts from Dunhuang exists,known for their rich content and considered as precious historical documents.Renowned Tibetologists,including Wang Yao,Huang Bu Fan,Luo Bing Fen,Qiang Ba Chi Lie,Ci Cheng Jian Zan,La Mao Ji,and others have demonstrated that Dunhuang’s Tibetan medical literature holds significant value for Tibetan medical research and provides valuable insights into Tibetan history and folk culture.This paper reviews academic research conducted by domestic scholars on Dunhuang Tibetan medical manuscripts over approximately 40 years,spanning from 1982 to 2022.It examines the collection status,the evolution of academic research,primary research areas,and emerging trends.After organizing and cataloging literature using bibliometric methods,it has been found that there are 8 Dunhuang Tibetan medical literature in China,56 in France,18 in England,and 3 in Germany.At the same time,domestic scholars have also made many achievements in the translation and research of Dunhuang Tibetan medical literature,including research on human physiology,etiology,pathology,diseases,diagnosis,therapeutic drugs,and literature translation.However,there are still some valuable materials that need to be translated and studied to this day,and there are also many controversies regarding the understanding of important words in the literature,as well as the translation methods of person names,place names,and literature names.Therefore,there are still problems in this research field,such as insufficient quantity,imprecision,lack of systematicity and comprehensiveness,and further exploration and new research results are needed.