五世达赖书信价值探析

A Study on the Value of the Letters of Fifth Dalai Lama

诞生于十七世纪的西藏大学者五世达赖阿旺洛桑嘉措平生致力于藏族文明的发展,以及藏、汉、蒙、满族等各民族文化的交往交流交融事业,为此倾注了毕生的心血和精力,也取得了卓越成就。藏历十一饶炯水猪年即公元1671年,甘丹平措林寺院开始雕刻印板,后期由此为底本,先后诞生了哲蚌版与锡金甘托克版的书信文本。1993年,青海民族出版社出版发行《五世达赖书信集》,为广大读者和研究者提供了新的研究文本。但迄今为止,对此书信的研究成果只有《从五世达赖喇嘛书信谈达赖喇嘛与清皇室的往来关系》一文。《五世达赖书信集》共有三百零五篇,寄书对象为满清皇帝、孟加拉国王、尼泊尔国王,以及藏蒙政要、上师、活佛、门生、护法神等。按主题可分为谏言满清皇帝的政教治略、寄于藏地僧众的治学教理、为新建寺庙所著的政教劝谏等,均以偈文、长行、诗文杂体三大类呈现,文体虽为书信,但内容包含诏书、呈文、祝寿词、祷神辞、祝词、回执等。文章以《五世达赖书信集》出版源流为主线,通过寄书对象、时间、缘由等探讨书信内容,挖掘其政教治略功效,通过作者的诗学研修背景探讨其创作诗文之卓越文风及流传足迹,研究对其门生与后期书信文学的影响力等。

The Fifth Dalai Ngagwang Losang Gyatso,a famous scholar born in the 17th century,devoted himself to the development of Tibetan civilization and harmony among the Tibetan,Han,Mongolian and Manchu nationalities,as well as the exchanges between various ethnic cultures.He devoted his whole life to this and made remarkable achievements.In the year of 1671 AD,the Ganden Pentsog Ling began carving printing plates.Later on,based on this,the Trepung version and the Gantuo version of Sikkim were successively formed.In 1993,Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House published the Collection of Letters of the Fifth Dalai Lama which provided new research texts for readers and researchers.But so far,the research results of these letters are only the article“On the Relationship between the Dalai and the Qing Imperial Family through Letters from the Fifth Dalai”written by Zhaxi Cidan,a researcher in the Potala Palace Cultural Relics Research Institute in Xizang.This collection of letters from the Fifth Dalai Lama consists of 305 pieces,which were sent to the emperors of the Qing Dynasty,Bengal,Nepal,as well as Tibetan and Mongolian dignitaries,masters,Lamas,disciples,and protectors.According to the theme,it can be divided into three categories:advising the political and religious strategies of the Qing Emperor,academic teachings sent to Tibetan monks,political and religious advice written for the construction of new temples.All of these were presented in the form of verse,long lines,and mixed forms of poetry and prose.Although written in the form of letters,the content includes edicts,petitions,birthday wishes,prayers to the gods,blessings,and receipts.This article takes the publication history of the Complete Works of the Fifth Dalai as a guide,explores the content of the letter through the recipient,time,and reason of the book,and explores its political,educational,and strategic effects.Through analyzing the background of the poetic study of Fifth Dalai Lama,it explores the outstanding literary style and transmission footprint of his poetry,and studies the influence on his disciples and later epistolary literature.Finally,it summarizes the entire article in four paragraphs.