开口受限病因及防治对策研究进展

Research progress of etiology,prevention and treatment of limited mouth opening

开口受限是指大开口时上下牙列之间的距离较正常值明显减少的一种临床表现,多由于颞下颌关节运动受限引起,可影响患者咀嚼、吞咽、言语、口腔清洁等口颌功能,继而因长期无法正常进食导致营养不良,甚至造成严重的身心障碍,影响生活质量。目前,临床医务工作者对开口受限的病因关注不足,其防治对策尚未达成统一共识。本文通过对开口受限的测量、分类、病因、防治手段、风险预后等方面的研究进行综述,旨在加强医护人员对开口受限患者的重视,做到早诊断、早预防、早治疗。

Limited mouth opening refers to a clinical manifestation that the distance between the upper and lower dentition is significantly reduced when opening mouth.It is mostly caused by limited movement of the temporomandibular joint,which can affect the patient's chewing,swallowing,speech,oral hygiene and other oral and jaw functions.Long-term inability of mouth opening to eat normally may lead to malnutrition,and even severe physical and mental disabilities,affecting the quality of life.Nowadays,clinical medical workers have not yet payed enough attention to the causes and therapies of limited mouth opening.Therefore,this paper reviewed the measurement,classification,etiology,prevention and treatment methods,risk and prognosis of patients with limited mouth opening,aiming to strengthen the attention of medical staff to patients with restricted mouth opening,so as to achieve early diagnosis,prevention and treatment.