紫心甘薯脱毒与快繁技术研究

Virus-eliminating and Fast Propagation Technology for Purple Sweet Potatoes

采用茎尖诱导、组织培养、水培炼苗、PCR检测病毒等方法,研究并优化紫心甘薯新品种金薯20的茎尖脱毒与快繁技术。结果表明,不同种类和浓度的激素对金薯20茎尖诱导成苗效果差异显著,其中添加TDZ0.05 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+2-IP0.02mg/L的MS培养基诱导金薯20茎尖成苗率最高,平均成苗率达91.9%。组培苗经过38℃培养48h后,剥取的茎尖生长点大小与成苗率和脱毒率密切相关,仅带1个叶芽原基的茎尖生长点诱导成苗率为76.83%,病毒脱除率达100%。带2个叶原基茎尖生长点诱导成苗率为91.56%,脱毒率92.10%,综合考虑成苗率和脱毒率,以带2个叶芽原基的茎尖生长点为材料效果较好。筛选了适合金薯20脱毒组培苗快繁的培养基MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+TDZ 0.05 mg/L,平均成苗时间为23.6d。经过水培炼苗后,脱毒苗的移栽成活率可达97.2%。优化了金薯20茎尖苗诱导的培养基配方,提高了茎尖培养的成苗率、脱毒率和脱毒组培苗移栽成活率,可为紫心甘薯新品种金薯20脱毒苗快速繁育提供技术支持。

Methods such as shoot tip induction,tissue culture,hydroponic seedling training,and PCR virus detection were used to study and optimize virus-free and rapid shoot tip propagation techniques of the new purple-heart sweet potato variety‘Jinshu 20’.There are significant differences in the effects of different hormones with different concentrations on inducing seedlings from the stem tips of‘Jinshu 20’.The addition of TDZ 0.05 mg·L–1+NAA 0.1 mg·L–1+2-IP 0.02 mg·L–1 and TDZ 0.05 mg·L–1+NAA 0.2 mg·L–1+2-IP 0.02 mg·L–1 to MS fundamental medium was optimal,and the seedling rate was 91.9%.The size of the meristem was closely related to the rate of virus-free seedlings after 48 h of cultivation at 38℃.The virus removal rate of the seedlings induced from the smaller meristem with only one leaf bud primordium reached 100%.MS medium MS+NAA 0.1 mg·L–1+TDZ 0.05 mg·L–1 was selected to rapidly propagate‘Jinshu 20’virus-free seedlings.The average seedling growth period in this medium was 23.6 days.After acclimatization via hydroponic cultivation for two days,the survival rate of virus-free seedlings reached 97.2%.This experiment optimized the culture medium for inducing seedlings from the stem tips of‘Jinshu 20’,improved the percentage of virus-free seedlings,and increased the survival rate after transplantation.The results provide technical support for the promotion and application of virus-free seedlings for the new sweet potato variety‘Jinshu 20’.