台湾菠萝新品种在湛江农垦引种比较试验

Comparative Experiments on the Introduction of New Taiwan residents Pineapple Varieties in Zhanjiang Agricultural Reclamation

通过台湾菠萝新品种在湛江农垦引种比较试验,初步掌握台湾菠萝新品种生长特性和果实性状等,以期达到加快湛江农垦菠萝品种更新换代和品质提升的目的。3个试验点4个菠萝品种采取随机区组排列方式设计小区,每个品种每个小区种植1亩(1亩≈667 m2),重复3次,每个试验点12个小区;各品种生长期间管理水平一致,试验采用统一催花和果实自然成熟,采收时选择能代表品种特性、成熟度一致的果实进行品质分析测定。试验结果表明:植株和长势方面,巴厘菠萝为多刺品种,株高最高大,总叶片数最少;而垦引1901、台农16号和台农17号为少刺品种,株高低于对照巴厘,总叶片数高于对照巴厘,在生产上更有利于田间作业管理。物候期方面,4个菠萝品种同时定植和催花,巴厘菠萝最早现红抽蕾和成熟采收;台农17号和台农16号比巴厘晚15 d现红抽蕾,采收时间分别晚11和26 d;垦引1901比巴厘晚30 d现红抽蕾,采收时间晚41 d。出花情况方面,台农17号自然花最高为6.0%,垦引1901为2.0%,台农16号和巴厘没有出自然花;巴厘菠萝最容易催花,其次是台农17号,台农16号和垦引1901对催花技术要求较高。果实性状方面,单果重垦引1901>台农17号>巴厘>台农16号;折合亩产垦引1901>巴厘>台农17号>台农16号;果形指数、可溶性固形物、可食率和果汁率垦引1901、台农16号和台农17号都高于对照巴厘菠萝;VC含量台农17号>台农16号>巴厘>垦引1901;可滴定酸含量台农17号>台农16号>垦引1901>巴厘;成熟时4个菠萝品种果皮为黄绿色或黄色,果肉淡黄或金黄色,垦引1901、台农16号和巴厘无裂果,台农17号少部分有裂果。品种抗寒性级别方面,垦引1901>巴厘>台农16号或台农17号;4个菠萝品种植株叶片寒害整体上较轻,翌年的产量不受影响。综合果实大小、果形外观和口感品质等可知,垦引1901、台农16号和台农17号都是比较好的菠萝品种,适合鲜食,巴厘菠萝适合加工。目前,台农16号和台农17号在湛江农垦栽培种植初具一定的规模;台湾菠萝新品种垦引1901作为一个新引进的菠萝品种,还待进一步的重复试验,才能进行推广种植。

The growth characteristics and fruit traits of new pineapple varieties in Taiwan were preliminarily determined through comparative experiments on the new pineapple varieties introduced in Zhanjiang to accelerate the upgrading and quality improvement of pineapple varieties in Zhanjiang.The four pineapple varieties at the three experimental sites were designed in a random block arrangement,and each variety was planted in one mu(approximately 667 m2)per plot,repeated three times,with 12 cells per site.The management level of each variety was consistent during the growth period.The experiment adopted unified flower promotion and natural ripening of fruits,and selected fruits that could represent a variety of characteristics and maturities were chosen for quality analysis and determination.The test results revealed that with the prime pineapple cultivar‘Bali’in Zhanjiang Nongken as the control,combined with‘Tai Nong No.16’,‘Tai Nong No.17’and the imported new Taiwan residents pineapple variety‘Ken Yin 1901’,a comparative planting experiment was carried out,and the growth,phenological period,flowering,fruit traits,and variety resistance were analyzed.The results revealed that in terms of plant and growth,the‘Bali’pineapple was a thorny variety,with the highest plant and the least total number of leaves.However,‘Ken Yin 1901’,‘Tai Nong No.16’and‘Tai Nong No.17’had few thorns.The plant height was lower than that of the control‘Bali’,and the total number of leaves was higher than that of the control‘Bali’,which was more conducive to field operation management in production.In terms of the phenological period,four pineapple varieties were planted and flowered at the same time.‘Bali’pineapple was the earliest red bud and mature harvest.‘Tai Nong No.17’and‘Tai Nong No.16’were 15 d later than‘Bali’.The buds were harvested 11 d and 26 d later;‘Ken Yin 1901’was 30 d later than‘Bali’,and the harvest time was 41 d later.In terms of flowering situation,‘Tai Nong No.17’has the highest natural flowers 6.0%,‘Ken Yin 1901’is 2.0%,‘Tainong No.16’and‘Bali’have no natural flowers;‘Bali’pineapple is the most likely to induce flowering,followed by‘Tai Nong No.17’,‘Tainong No.16’and‘Ken Yin 1901’have higher requirements for flower-inducing technology.In terms of fruit traits,single fruit weight‘Ken Yin 1901’>‘Tai Nong No.17’>‘Bali’>‘Tai Nong No.16’;the fruit shape index,soluble solids,edible rate,and juice rate of‘Ken Yin 1901’,‘Tai Nong No.16’and‘Tai Nong No.17’are higher than the control‘Bali’pineapple;the VC content‘Tai Nong No.17’>‘Tai Nong No.16’>‘Bali’>‘Ken Yin 1901’;the titratable acid content‘Tai Nong No.17’>‘Tai Nong No.16’>‘Ken Yin 1901’>‘Bali’;when ripe,the skin of the four pineapple varieties is yellowish-green or yellow,and the flesh is light yellow or golden yellow,‘Ken Yin 1901’,‘Tainong No.16’and‘Bali’have no cracked fruit,and a few of‘Tai Nong No.17’have cracked fruit.In terms of the cold resistance level of the varieties,‘Ken Yin 1901’>‘Bali’>‘Tai Nong No.16’or‘Tai Nong No.17’;The four pineapple cultivars were generally less susceptible to cold damage to leaves,and their yields in the following year were not affected.Conclusion:According to fruit size,fruit shape,appearance,and taste quality,‘Ken Yin 1901’,‘Tai Nong No.16’and‘Tai Nong No.17’are good pineapple varieties that are suitable for fresh eating;‘Bali’pineapple is proper for processing.At present,‘Tai Nong No.16’and‘Tai Nong No.17’have begun to take on a definite scale in Zhanjiang.The new pineapple variety‘Ken Yin 1901’in Taiwan,a newly introduced one,needs further repeated tests before it can be popularized and planted.