涉外网络犯罪的管辖困境与路径选择

The Jurisdictional Dilemma and Path Selection of Foreign-Related Cybercrime

随着互联网技术的迭代更新和蓬勃发展,以跨区域、虚拟性、隐蔽性为主要特征的网络犯罪愈发猖獗,动摇了传统涉外刑事管辖连接点的基础。围绕涉外网络犯罪管辖权争议问题,有学者先后提出IP地址管辖论、网络自治理论、有限管辖权论等观点,这些观点被《布达佩斯公约》《联合国网络犯罪公约》以及部分国家的国内立法吸收采纳。当前,国际社会对于涉外网络犯罪管辖问题尚未达成共识,管辖权积极冲突和消极冲突的问题亟待解决。文章建议我国在坚持涉外管辖与涉内管辖一体建设的基础上,注重积极冲突与消极冲突协同化解。同时,要推动国际社会尽快就网络犯罪管辖问题达成共识,形成法益侵害最为严重地优先,最有利于侦查追诉地其次,普遍管辖、保护管辖兜底的管辖权顺位规则。

With the iterative update and vigorous development of Internet technology,cybercrime with characteristics of crossing regions,virtuality and concealment has become increasingly rampant,shaking the foundation of connection point of the traditional foreign-related criminal jurisdiction.Regarding the dispute over jurisdiction of foreign-related cybercrime,some scholars have put forward viewpoints such as the IP address jurisdiction theory,network autonomy theory,and limited jurisdiction theory,which have been adopted by The Budapest Convention,The United Nations Convention on Cybercrime and domestic legislation of some countries.At present,the international community has not reached a consensus on the jurisdiction of foreign-related cybercrime,and the problem of positive and negative conflicts of jurisdiction needs to be solved urgently.This paper suggests that on the basis of adhering to the integrated construction of foreign jurisdiction and domestic jurisdiction,China should pay attention to the coordinated resolution of positive and negative conflicts.At the same time,we should promote the international community to reach a consensus on the jurisdiction of cybercrime as soon as possible so as to form a jurisdictional order rule that puts the place with the most serious infringement of legal interests first,the place with the most favorable conditions for investigation and prosecution second,and universal jurisdiction and protective jurisdiction as the bottom line.