何以“现地”:东晋南朝灾害史研究再析

Why“On-Site”:Reanalyzing the Study of Disaster History in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties

东晋南朝灾害史研究成果虽颇丰,但研究模式固化、结论简单重复、逻辑方法硬套等问题尚待突破。“现地”研究法,是一种既强调“当时语境”与“实际山川”因素,又注重以“人的研究”为基点的文史研究法。引入此法,在对该时期灾害史研究进行再探讨时,既需注重相关史料的“文本语境”与“历史语境”,又要关注该时期的“变态环境”与“常态环境”,还需强调“人的研究”这一理念,平衡“人文性”与“科学性”。如此,不仅能为东晋南朝灾害史研究提供特定“语境”支撑,又可奠定客观“环境”基础,使其以“人与自然之交互作用”为主要研究对象,“人”为研究基点,从而使研究走向深化。

While research on the disaster history of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties has yielded significant results,issues such as rigid research models,simple and repetitive conclusions,and forced logical methods remain to be addressed.The“on-site”research method is a historiographical and literary approach that emphasizes both the“context of the time”and“actual geographical factors”while focusing on“humancentric research”.Applying this method to revisit the disaster history of the said period requires attention to the“textual context”and“historical context”of relevant materials,as well as the“abnormal environment”and“normal environment”of the time.It also necessitates emphasizing the principle of“human-centric research”to balance“humanistic”and“scientific”perspectives.This approach not only provides specific“contextual”support for research on the disaster history of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties but also establishes an objective“environmental”foundation.It allows the study to focus on the“interaction between humans and nature”,with“humans”as the core of the research,thereby deepening the investigation.