基础学科自主培养博士毕业十年的职业去向分析——以物理学为例

The Career Positions of Independently Trained Doctoral Students in Basic Disciplines Ten Years after Graduation——With PhDs in Physics as Examples

基于2009—2012届全国物理学博士的职业追踪数据,详细分析物理学博士毕业十年后的就业单位、职业类型以及地区层次。研究发现:我国自主培养的物理学博士科研韧性较强,毕业十年后的学术部门就业比例、仍以科学研究为职业的比例均超过70.0%;职业路径多元化,非学术部门就业比例、在科研院所和企业从事科学研究职业的比例有升高趋势;高校、科研院所、企业就业呈现不同的分层特征,高校就业的“逆向流动”、企业就业的“求稳偏好”明显;就业地区选择存在明显的分层和固化。综合来看,我国已经初步形成了以高校和科研院所为培养主体的物理学研究人才自主培养体系。

Based on the career tracking data of Chinese physics PhDs graduated between 2009 and 2012,this paper analyzes the types of employers and occupations,and the tiers of the cities/regions where physics PhDs work ten years later after graduation.This study finds that the independently trained physics PhDs have a relatively strong commitment to scientific research work,shown by both the proportion of their employment in the academic sector and the proportion of their academic careers over 70.0 percent ten years after graduation.However,the career paths of physics PhDs are diverse,and there is an increasing trend for them to be employed in non-academic jobs and in scientific research work in research institutes and companies.Their employment in universities,research institutes,and enterprises demonstrates stratification characteristics,and the employment trend of“reverse flow”to universities and“seeking stability”in enterprises is evident.Stratification and solidification are also evident in their choice of cities/regions.In general,China has initially established an independent system for cultivating physics research talents,with universities and research institutes as the main training institutions.