“性灵”和“格调”的互动——赵翼与王昶交游考

The Interaction between“Disposition”and“Pattern”:A Study of Zhao Yi and Wang Chang s Friendship

赵翼与王昶皆为清中叶江南文人翘楚,在文学和学术上均取得不凡成就。二人虽然分别为“性灵派”和“格调派”副将,诗学理念大不相同,却相知相契,白首同归,殊为可贵。他们的交游持续近半个世纪,可以分为清晰的四个阶段:早期在京同朝为官,比邻而居,志趣相投;中期先后贬戍西南,共历征缅战火,惺惺相惜;后期一在野,一在朝,身份地位虽大不相同,却都能不改初心,相互勉励推赏,砥砺前行;晚期居乡,残年相伴,各自总结文学和学术成就。他们的友谊既包括生活中的相互扶持,也包括文学、学术上的互相借鉴;既体现了“性灵派”与“格调派”互动的多样性和包容性,也展现了那一时代江南文化的风采。

Zhao Yi and Wang Chang were both outstanding Jiangnan scholars in the middle of the Qing Dynasty,who made remarkable achievements in literary creation and academic research.Despite their respective roles as one of the leading figures in“the School of Disposition”and“the School of Pattern”,which differ significantly in poetic thoughts,they shared a deep mutual understanding and lifelong friendship which is very valuable.Their friendship lasted for nearly half a century and can be divided into four distinct stages:in the early days,they worked together as officials in the capital,lived next door to each other and shared the same interests;in the middle of the period,they were successively demoted to garrison the southwest region,experienced the Qing and Burma War together,and sympathized with each other;in the later stage,one of them served as official in the Qing Dynasty,while the other did not.Although their statuses were very different,they did not change their appreciation of each other and encouraged each other to move forward;in their late years,they lived in the countryside and accompanied each other to summarize literary and academic achievements.Their friendship is not only to support each other in life,but also to learn from each other in literature and academia.It not only embodies the diversity and inclusiveness of the interaction between“the School of Disposition”and“the School of Pattern”,but also shows the style of Jiangnan culture at that time.