从逻辑到经验:霍姆斯实用主义法理学的生成与奠基

From Logic to Experience:Formation and Foundation of Holmes’Pragmatic Jurisprudence

作为一位美国法律史上里程碑式的人物,大法官霍姆斯的司法意见、法律观念及其相关思考对美国法律思想的塑造与发展产生了深刻的影响;作为一位人生经历极富传奇色彩的人物,霍姆斯法律思想的形成与发展也是一个受诸多因素影响的渐进过程的产物。除了其晚期最终成熟的法律思想,霍姆斯早期法律思想的生成也不容忽视,大体上可分为三个阶段:法律知识的学习积累、法律理论的初步总结、法律思想的渐次转变。在其法律思想的生成与转变过程中,既有在智识层面上受到普通法传统的熏陶与影响,也有在司法层面对美国法律现实的洞察与反思,上述阶段与诸种因素对霍姆斯法律思想的转变及最终的成熟均具有至关重要的意义。

As an epochal figure in American legal history,Justice Holmes’judicial opinions,legal ideas and related thoughts had a profound impact on the shaping and development of American legal thoughts.As a legendary figure with extraordinary life experience,the formation and development of his legal thoughts was also the product of a progressive process affected by many factors.In addition to the final maturation of his late legal thoughts,the formation of Holmes’early legal thoughts can not be overlooked,which can be roughly divided into three stages:the learning and accumulation of legal knowledge,the preliminary summary of legal theories,and the gradual transformation of legal thoughts.In the process of the formation and transformation of his legal thoughts,they were nurtured and influenced by the common law tradition at the intellectual facet,and contained his insight and reflection on American legal realities at the judicial level.The stages and factors described above were of great significance to the transformation and final maturation of Justice Holmes’legal thoughts.