拖拉机剪式座椅悬架系统特征参数分析与最优组合研究

Analysis on characteristic parameters of tractor’s scissor seat suspension system and study on optimal combination

剪式座椅悬架系统特征参数分析与最优组合是研究和提升拖拉机座椅减振性能的关键,文中提出仿真试验设计采样与试验数据方差分析相结合的方法筛选出最优减振性能的特征参数组合。通过力学分析推导座椅悬架运动微分方程,构建驾驶员-座椅悬架单自由度简化模型,理论计算出座椅弹簧刚度和阻尼器阻尼取值范围,分析拖拉机剪式座椅悬架系统的主要性能参数及特征参数对座椅减振性能的影响。以弹簧刚度和阻尼器阻尼为控制变量,以座椅悬架上平面加速度和位移为优化目标。采用优化拉丁超立方方法进行试验设计抽样,在ADAMS中对抽样样本进行仿真,结合SPSS软件对仿真数据进行方差分析并筛选最优特征参数组合。结果表明:优化后座椅悬架上平面加速度和位移振动性能响应指标分别提升30.43%,2.31%。本研究提升了拖拉机剪式座椅减振性能,为座椅悬架系统优化设计提供了参考。

The analysis on the characteristic parameters and optimal combination of the tractor’s scissor seat suspension sys-tem is important to explore and improve the seat’s vibration-attenuation performance.In this article,efforts are made to combine the design sampling in the simulation test and the variance analysis on the related data,in order to screen the optimal combination of characteristic parameters for vibration attenuation.The differential equation of the seat suspension’s motion is derived through the mechanical analysis,and the simplified model of driver-seat suspension with the single degree of freedom is set up.Both the seat’s spring stiffness and the damper’s range of damping are calculated theoretically.The influence of the main performance and characteristic parameters of the tractor’s scissor seat suspension system on the seat’s vibration-attenuation performance is ex-plored.The spring stiffness and the damper’s damping are selected as the controlling variables;the acceleration and displacement of the seat suspension’s upper plane are taken as the optimization objectives.The optimized Latin hypercube method is used to sample the experimental design.The samples are simulated in Adams;the variance analysis is conducted on the simulated data with the SPSS software,and then the optimal combination of characteristic parameters is identified.The results show that after op-timization the response indexes of the upper plane’s acceleration and displacement on the seat suspension’s vibration performance increase by 30.43%and 2.31%respectively.This study improves the vibration-attenuation performance of the tractor’s scissor seat and provides reference for optimization design of the seat suspension system.