研究型大学如何服务高水平科技自立自强——基于20所“双一流”建设高校的扎根分析

How Can Research Universities Contibute to Sci-tech Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening at Higher Levels?A Grounded Theory Analysis towards Twenty"Double First-Class"Universities

高水平科技自立自强是在建设世界科技强国战略目标下提出的现阶段国家发展的重大战略,对于新时代应对国内外形势变化具有深刻意义。在新发展阶段,高水平研究型大学作为国家创新体系和战略科技力量的重要组成部分,在服务高水平科技自立自强战略目标中发挥着独特作用。基于20所“双一流”建设高校的调研和扎根分析,构建研究型大学服务高水平科技自立自强关键因素模型,提出研究型大学应通过体制机制改革,在高质量科学研究、拔尖创新人才培养、跨学科交叉融合、产学研深度融合、高水平国际科学合作、卓越创新文化建设6个方面发挥关键作用,履行其服务于高水平科技自立自强的历史使命。

Sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening(SRSS)at a higher level is critical for national development at the current stage,with the strategic goal of becoming a world scientific and technological power.The high-level research universities are part of the national innovation system and strategic scientific and technological force,playing a unique role in serving the strategic goal of sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels.In order to reveal the common characteristics and inherent laws of research universities in serving high-level SRSI,this study selects 20"Double First-Class"universities for empirical research and ground theory analysis,and 6 main categories,21 sub-categories and 52 influencing factors are then extracted.By exploring the potential correlation between the main categories,the study establishes the evidence chain of key factors based on the typical model of the typical model of the main category and builds the key factor model of high-level SRSS to present a comprehensive picture of the various factors that need to be considered and addressed to achieve the strategic goal.It is concluded that the key factors for research universities to contribute to high-level SRSS include six aspects,but they are lagging behind the demand of the target of high-level SRSS.First of all,the innovative talents cultivation is far from the need of SRSS.Secondly,interdisciplinary integration still faces many difficulties.Due to disciplinary barriers and the uneven distribution of resources,interdisciplinary research is often difficult to carry out smoothly.Thirdly,the level and depth of the deep integration of industry,universities and research still need to be strengthened.Fourthly,most of the cooperation between universities and industry and research institutions remains at the surface level,with the need for deeper interaction and partnership to be established.Fifthly,international cooperation also needs to be continuously improved.Although the university has carried out some international cooperation and exchange activities,cooperation with world-class international universities and research institutions is still limited.Finally,a culture of innovation for excellence and embracing failure has not been established.This culture will encourage researchers to explore unknown areas,challenge traditional ideas,and not to fear failures and setbacks.A series of recommendations for research universities are proposed.Firstly,in the innovation of the scientific research organization model,universities should increase the proportion of organized scientific research,and strengthen the top-level design,so as to build up an interdisciplinary and multi-team scientific research force,which is better to improve the efficiency of scientific research resource allocation,and carry out original leading scientific and technological breakthroughs which can enhance the source supply of innovation-driven research.Secondly,in terms of talent training,universities should constantly improve the training mode of innovative talents to provide the talents independently that meet the needs of SRSS,especially to cultivate a large number of top innovative talents.Thirdly,the discipline construction should conform to the profound reform of the scientific research paradigm;it requires the reform of innovation mechanism,environment supporting and encouraging scientific cooperation.Besides,disciplinary construction should conform to scientific laws and meet the needs of scientific research.Fourthly,the focus should shift from the technology transfer from university to industry to the deep cooperation of industry-university-research-application.Fifthly,research universities should be supported in international cooperation to lead big science or big instrument projects,participate more actively in the global scientific network,and enhance the universities′original innovation capability and international influences.Finally,the innovation culture of pursuing excellence acts as a fundamental element that sustains high-level SRSS and ensures its continuous advancement.Behind the international competition in science and technology lies not just a contest of technology,equipment,and capital,but also a deeper rivalry between systems and cultures,where cultural factors exert a more profound and foundational influence.Given the high social standing and influence of research universities,it is imperative to reinforce their role in shaping innovative culture.This includes promoting the scientific spirit,fostering an environment conducive to innovation,and advocating for the enhancement of moral education,risk awareness,and ethical standards in science and technology in the culture of innovation.