中国国有企业的总量、布局与能力——基于1998—2022年统计数据的实证研究

Total Capital,Layout and Capabilities of Chinese State-owned Enterprises:An Empirical Study Based on Statistical Data from 1998 to 2022

根据统计年鉴披露的1998—2022年数据,对中国国有企业的资本总量、产业布局、价值创造能力和技术创新能力等进行了详尽盘点,对国有工业企业的占比变化、行业影响、区域布局、利润率和研发强度等进行了多角度的统计分析,详尽地梳理了国有企业在过去20多年的发展变化和最新情况。研究显示,1998—2022年,中国国有企业的多项财务指标实现了10倍甚至20倍的增长,国有企业增长趋势与中国经济发展大势趋同。同时,中国国有工业企业实现了规模的绝对扩张和占比的相对下降,国有经济存在布局优化、结构调整和功能增强的较大空间,尤其在关系国计民生且占比较低的制造业和技术创新能力方面。有关各方要加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整,补齐国有企业的能力短板和不足,增强国有经济的核心功能,壮大国家的“耐心资本”,加快形成新质生产力。

According to the statistical data from 1998 to 2022 released by Chinese government,this paper makes a detailed research on the total capital,industrial layout,value creation capacity and technological innovation capacity of Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs),and makes a multi-angle statistical analysis on the changes in proportion,industrial impact,regional layout,profitability and the intensity of research and development(R&D)of Chinese state-owned industrial enterprises,so as to draw a picture of the development of Chinese SOEs over the past two decades and more.The research shows that from 1998 to 2022,the financial indicators of Chinese SOEs have realized ten times of growth and above,the growth trend of Chinese SOEs has converged with the general trend of China’s economic development.At the same time,Chinese state-owned industrial enterprises have achieved absolute expansion in scale and relative decline in proportion.The Chinese state-owned economy has a large room for optimization of the layout,structural adjustment and functional enhancement,especially in manufacturing industry and technological innovation which is related to the national economy and people's livelihood and has a relatively low proportion.All parties concerned should accelerate the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy,make up for the shortcomings and deficiencies of the capabilities of state-owned enterprises,enhance the core functions of the state-owned economy,strengthen the country's"patient capital",and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity.