基于鸟类栖息地修复的湿地公园设计研究——以深圳石岩湖湿地公园为例

Research on the Design of Wetland Park Based on Bird Habitat Construction—Taking Shiyanhu Wetland Park in Shenzhen as an Example

近年来,伴随着城市基础设施建设和更新改造,城市公园的建设也越来越趋于现代化和景观化,导致原有鸟类赖以栖息的湿地面积逐渐萎缩。通过对深圳石岩湿地公园采用基于鸟类栖息地恢复的设计手法及后续监测,表明:①生态功能分区的划分,可有效隔绝或减少人类活动对鸟类栖息的干扰,是鸟类栖息地建设的基础;②草滩、石滩、松木桩等不同驳岸的设计,可为不同鸟类营造栖息、游憩及繁殖场所,是鸟类栖息地构建的必要措施;③以乔灌草及挺水、浮叶、沉水植物搭配模式,可为鸟类提供优质食源地,是花-鸟-鱼-虫-草生态系统构建的基底保障。监测结果显示,项目建成后周边鸟类种群达到了建设前的水平,可为今后基于鸟类栖息地构建的生态湿地公园建设提供参考。

In recent years,with the construction and renovation of urban infrastructure,the construction of urban parks has become more and more modernized and landscaped,resulting in the gradual shrinkage of the wetland area on which the original birds roosted.Based on the design method of bird habitat restoration in Shenzhen Shiyan Wetland Park and follow-up monitoring,this paper shows that:①the division of ecological function zones can effectively isolate or reduce the interference of human activities on bird habitats,which is the basis of bird habitat construction;②the design of different revetment such as grass beach,stone beach and pine pile can create habitat,recreation and breeding places for different birds,which is a necessary measure for the construction of bird habitats;③the combination of shrubs and grasses with emergent,floating and submerged plants can provide birds with high-quality food sources,and is the basic guarantee for the construction of the flower-bird-fish-insect-grass ecosystem.The monitoring results show that the bird population around the project has reached the level before the construction,which can provide certain guidance for the construction of ecological wetland park based on bird habitats in the future.