我国生态产品价值核算和实现路径研究进展

Research Progress on Core Issues of Realizing the Value of Ecological Products in China

生态产品价值实现研究对于我国加快推进生态文明建设、促进“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化、实现“双碳”目标、推动林草事业高质量发展等方面具有重大的现实意义。针对生态产品价值实现相关研究成果的梳理和归纳,发现存在相关概念界定及分类理解不统一、价值核算方法不配套、价值实现路径不详尽、价值实现政策工具不充分等问题;坚持问题导向,通过梳理相关文献得到4个核心议题:生态产品概念界定及分类、生态产品价值核算、生态产品价值实现路径、生态产品价值实现政策工具。针对核心议题进展分析得到结论:在对生态产品的概念及分类达成共识基础上,构建起配套的核算体系,因地制宜地探索出差异化的地方特色价值实现路径。针对生态产品的产权不明晰、生态产权交易市场体系不统一等问题,通过加快深化生态产品产权制度、价格机制、金融机制等方面的改革,强化政策工具。下一步研究应通过多学科交叉融合、多元化技术手段支撑去聚焦一些更为精细化的问题,持续为推动我国生态文明建设进程、“两山”转化、实现“双碳”目标及自然保护地生态产品价值实现提供科学支撑。

The research on the realization of ecological product value has significant practical significance for China to accelerate the construction of ecological civilization,promote the transformation of"green mountains and clear waters"into"golden mountains and silver mountains",achieve the goals of carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060,and promote the high-quality development of forestry and grassland industry.Through sorting and summarizing the research results related to the realization of ecological product value,it was found that there are problems such as inconsistent definition and classification of relevant concepts,incompatible value accounting methods,incomplete value realization paths,and insufficient value realization policy tools;adhering to a problem oriented approach,four core topics were identified through reviewing relevant literature:defining and classifying the concept of ecological products,accounting for the value of ecological products,realizing the path of ecological product value,and policy tools for realizing ecological product value.The conclusion drawn from the analysis of the progress on the core issue is that,based on a consensus on the concept and classification of ecological products,a supporting accounting system should be constructed to explore the implementation path of differentiated local characteristic values according to local conditions.To address the issues of unclear property rights and inconsistent market systems for ecological property rights trading,it is necessary to accelerate and deepen reforms in the property rights system,pricing mechanism,financial mechanism,and other aspects of ecological products,and strengthen policy tools.The next step of research should focus on more refined issues through interdisciplinary integration and diversified technological means,continuously providing scientific support for promoting China's ecological civilization construction process,transforming the"two mountains",achieving the"dual carbon"goal,and realizing the value of ecological products in nature reserves.