人口老龄化背景下基于福利多元视角的“夹心层”群体长期护理保险需求分析及优化路径研究

Research on the Demand Analysis and Optimization Path of Long-term Care Insurance for the"Sandwich Class"Group Based on the Multi-perspective of Welfare under the Background of Population Aging

目的调查人口老龄化背景下基于福利多元视角的“夹心层”群体长期护理保险需求现状,并分析其需求的影响因素,为完善长期护理保险制度提供一定的参考依据。方法于2023年11月—2024年3月,采取便利抽样法,通过自制的“夹心层”群体长期护理保险需求问卷对德阳市20个社区共计198名“夹心层”老年群体进行调查。结果198名“夹心层”老年群体中不愿意购买长期护理保险者72名,愿意购买长期护理保险者126名;单因素分析结果显示,文化程度、个人平均月收入、经济来源、罹患疾病种类、目前身体状况、疾病是否带来巨大负担、长期护理保险知晓程度不同的“夹心层”老年群体对长期护理保险的购买意愿不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二元回归分析结果显示,文化程度、个人平均月收入、罹患疾病种类、目前身体状况、疾病是否带来巨大负担、长期护理保险知晓程度是“夹心层”老年群体对长期护理保险购买意愿的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论相关部门应根据个体的差异性特征,从家庭、社会及政府的角度制定相应的干预措施,以提升老年群体对长期护理保险的购买意愿,进一步完善长期护理保险制度,为完善老年群体的养老保障奠定坚实基础。

Objective To investigate the current demand for long-term care insurance among the"sandwich class"group based on the perspective of welfare diversity under the background of population aging,and analyze the influencing factors of their demand to provide a certain reference for improving the long-term care insurance system.Methods From November 2023 to March 2024,a convenience sampling method was used to survey 198 elderly in 20 communities of Deyang City with a self-made questionnaire on the long-term care insurance needs of the"sandwich class"group.Results Among the 198 elderly people in the"sandwich class",72 were unwilling to purchase long-term care insurance and 126 were willing to purchase long-term care insurance.The results of univariate analysis showed that the"sandwich class"elderly group with different levels of education,average monthly income,economic sources,types of diseases,current physical condition,whether the disease brings a huge burden,and awareness of long-term care insurance have different purchasing intentions for long-term care insurance,and the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of binary regression analysis showed that educational level,average monthly income,types of diseases,current physical condition,whether the disease brings a huge burden,and awareness of long-term care insurance are the main influencing factors of the"sandwich class"elderly group's willingness to purchase long-term care insurance(P<0.05).Conclusion Relevant departments should develop corresponding intervention measures from the perspectives of family,society,and government based on individual differences,in order to enhance the elderly group's willingness to purchase long-term care insurance,further improve the long-term care insurance system,and lay a solid foundation for improving the elderly group's pension security.