摩尔多瓦共和国向日葵列当生理小种的鉴定及与中国小种的致病力比较

Identification of physiological races of sunflower broomrape in the Republic of Moldova and comparison of pathogenicity with Chinese races

向日葵列当Orobanche cumana Wallr.是一种寄生在向日葵根部的寄生性种子植物,对向日葵生产造成严重的影响,而选育抗列当品种是目前防控向日葵列当最为有效的措施。由于向日葵列当的种群存在生理小种分化,因此,明确不同地区的向日葵列当生理小种的类型以及分布对于抗列当品种的合理布局非常重要。本研究利用教育部援外项目,从摩尔多瓦共和国向日葵主产区采集了9份列当的种子。利用国际通用的向日葵列当生理小种的鉴别寄主,对这9份列当的生理小种进行了鉴定,结果表明,9份列当的生理小种分别鉴定为D、E、F、G 4种不同类型;其中F小种数量最多,为4份,占比为44%,G小种3份,占比为33%,D小种和E小种各1份,占比均为11%。通过比较摩尔多瓦向日葵列当和我国不同地区采集的相同生理小种的致病力,发现不论是在抗病品种(‘JK103’)还是感病品种(‘LD5009’)上,相同的生理小种类型我国向日葵列当的毒力明显高于摩尔多瓦共和国的列当样本。

Sunflower broomrape,a parasitic seed plant that infests the roots of sunflowers,severely impacts sunflower production.Breeding resistant varieties is the most effective measure for preventing and controlling the sunflower broomrape.Due to the physiological races differentiation within the sunflower broomrape population,it is crucial to identify the types and distribution of physiological races in different regions for the rational introduction of resistant varieties.In this study,nine samples of sunflower broomrape seeds were collected from the main sunflower-producing areas in the Republic of Moldova,and the physiological races of the nine samples were identified using the internationally recognized hosts as differential hosts.The results indicated that the physiological races of the nine samples can be classified into four different types,including D,E,F,and G.Among them,the F race was the most prevalent,accounting for 44%with four samples,while the G race accounted for 33%with three samples.The D and E races each represented 11%with one sample.Comparison the pathogenicity of the same physiological races collected from Moldova and those from different regions in China demonstrated that,regardless of resistant(‘JK103’)or susceptible(‘LD5009’)variety,the toxicity of the same physiological race in China’s sunflower broomrape was significantly higher than that of Moldova’s broomrape samples.