几种农药及混配剂对百合种球贮藏期腐烂病的防治效果及对百合的安全性

Control efficacies of several fungicides and mixed agents on lily bulb rot during storage period and their safety to lily

兰州百合种球在贮藏期受到鳞茎腐烂病的危害而影响品质,对百合种球繁殖造成严重影响,为延长百合种球的安全贮藏时间,减少种球在贮藏期间的损失,本试验在前期试验的基础上选用8种农药单剂和5种混配剂,在百合种球收获后贮藏前,贮藏后15 d和30 d进行浸种处理,晾干后,4℃低温贮藏,并于贮藏前,贮藏后15、30、45 d和60 d调查鳞茎腐烂病发生情况、计算各药剂的防治效果。贮藏60 d后定植、观察药剂对百合的安全性。结果表明:供试药剂对兰州百合种球鳞茎腐烂病均有不同程度的防治效果,且随着处理时间的延长和处理次数增加各药剂的防治效果逐渐提高,60 d时防效达到最大,5种农药单剂:86.2%氧化亚铜WP、6%寡糖·链蛋白WP、0.1亿cfu/g多黏类芽胞杆菌FG、500 g/L异菌脲SC、75%百菌清WP对兰州百合种球贮藏期鳞茎腐烂病的防效均在70%以上,分别为71.13%、71.24%、75.36%、76.08%、76.76%;5种混配剂:丁子香酚+多黏类芽胞杆菌(1∶9)、氧化亚铜+异菌脲(2∶8)、多黏类芽胞杆菌+百菌清(8∶2)、氧化亚铜+百菌清(5∶5)、丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)对百合种球贮藏期鳞茎腐烂病的防效在76%以上,分别为76.38%、77.64%、79.92%、78.18%、80.79%,且多黏类芽胞杆菌+百菌清(8∶2)、丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)、丁子香酚+多黏类芽胞杆菌(1∶9)2种生物农药和化学农药、1种生物农药混配剂对百合贮藏期鳞茎腐烂病的防治效果均高于各自单剂,表现为增效作用,氧化亚铜+异菌脲(2∶8)和氧化亚铜+百菌清(5∶5)表现为相加作用;药剂处理3次贮藏60 d的百合种球鳞片发芽试验和田间定植试验显示,药剂处理对百合生长具有促进作用,其中单剂20%TraT2A AS、混配剂丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)的鳞片发芽率和每鳞片发芽个数分别为86.67%、75.55%和1.76、1.67个,与对照相比提高了69.57%、47.82%、64.07%、55.77%;单剂0.1亿cfu/g多黏类芽胞杆菌FG和50%TraT2A WG处理的百合种球的发芽势、发芽率和株高、茎粗分别为73.33%、80.00%和5.53 cm、5.78 mm;促生率分别为83.33%、50.01%、13.32%、68.02%;混配剂丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)处理的发芽势、发芽率、苗期株高、茎粗分别为80.00%、86.67%、8.24 cm、7.23 mm,促生率分别为100%、62.51%、68.85%、99.42%。研究结果对利用上述药剂防治兰州百合种球贮藏期病害和提高百合栽培技术具有重要意义。

The quality of Lanzhou lily bulbs is affected by bulb rot during storage,which has a serious impact on the sowing and reproduction of lily.In order to prolong the safe storage time of lily bulbs and reduce the loss of bulbs during storage,eight kinds of fungicides single agents and five kinds of mixed agents were selected on the basis of previous experiments.The lily bulbs were soaked before storage,15 days and 30 days after storage.After drying,they were stored at 4℃.The occurrence of bulb rot was investigated before storage,15,30,45 and 60 days after storage,the control effect of each fungicide was calculated,and the safety of the fungicides on lily was observed after 60 days.The results showed that different fungicides had different control effect on bulb rot of Lilium davidii var.unicolor,and the control effect of each fungicide gradually increased with the prolongation of treatment time and the increase of treatment times,and the control effect reached the maximum at 60 days.The control efficacies of five fungicides single agent cuprous oxide 86.2%WP,oligosaccharins·plant activator protein 6%WP,Paenibacillus polymyxa 100 million cfu/g FG,iprodione 500 g/L SC and chlorothalonil 75%WP on bulb rot of Lilium davidii var.unicolor during storage were all above 70%,which were 71.13%,71.24%,75.36%,76.08%and 76.76%,respectively.The control efficacies of five kinds of mixed fungicides eugenol with Paenibacillus polymyxa(1∶9),cuprous oxide with iprodione(2∶8),Paenibacillus polymyxa with chlorothalonil(8∶2),cuprous oxide with chlorothalonil(5∶5),eugenol with chlorothalonil(4∶6)on lily bulb rot during storage were more than 76%,which were 76.38%,77.64%,79.92%,78.18%,80.79%,respectively.The control effects of two kinds of biological fungicide with chemical fungicide mixtures,and one kind of biological fungicides mixture on lily bulb rot during storage were higher than those of single agent,showing synergistic effect.Cuprous oxide with iprodione(2∶8)and cuprous oxide with chlorothalonil(5∶5)showed additive effect.The germination test and field planting test of lily bulb scales treated with chemical treatment for three times and stored for 60 days showed that the treatment could promote the growth of lily.The germination rate and the number of germination per scale of single agent 20%TraT2A AS and mixed agent eugenol with chlorothalonil(4∶6)were 86.67%,75.55%and 1.76,1.67,respectively,which were 69.57%,47.82%,64.07%and 55.77%higher than those of the control.The germination potential,germination rate,plant height and stem diameter of lily bulbs treated with Paenibacillus polymyxa 100 million cfu/g FG and 50%TraT2A WG were 73.33%,80.00%and 5.53 cm and 5.78 mm,respectively.The growth promotion rates were 83.33%,50.01%,13.32%and 68.02%,respectively.The germination potential,germination rate,plant height and stem diameter at seedling stage of the mixed agent eugenol with chlorothalonil(4∶6)were 80.00%,86.67%,8.24 cm and 7.23 mm,respectively,and the growth promotion rates were 100%,62.51%,68.85%and 99.42%,respectively.The findings of this study hold significant implications for the prevention and control of Lanzhou lily bulb disease during storage,as well as for enhancing the quality of lily seed ball.