“zoē”是“赤裸生命”吗?——重思阿甘本政治哲学两个基本概念的关系

Is"zoē""bare Life"?:Rethinking over the relationship between two basic concepts of Agamben's political philosophy

“zoē”和“赤裸生命”是阿甘本政治哲学中两个重要的基本概念,而现有研究对两者之间关系的看法存在分歧,澄清这一问题对于正确理解和把握阿甘本的理论逻辑具有重要意义。辨析这两个概念关系的关键在于理解阿甘本的“门槛”逻辑。门槛是接合内外的无区分地带,是被系统以排斥的方式纳入的东西,它的存在使内外区分成为可能。zoē是所有生物都共有的“活着”这一简单事实,即自然生命,与有质量的政治生命形式bios相对应,作为政治否定性基础的赤裸生命则是政治权力通过对zoē的纳入性排斥生产出来的。政治权力通过否定赤裸生命,使另一部分生命获得了政治的形式即bios。因此zoē是与政治无涉的、无形式的生命,而赤裸生命则是政治权力的产物,具有否定的形式。赤裸生命不是zoē,而是zoē与bios之间无区分的门槛,它标识了划分zoē与bios的界限。

"Zoē"and"bare life"are two important basic concepts in Agamben's political philosophy,and there have existed different views in previous studies on the relationship between the two concepts.So,to clarify the relationship between them is of great significance to correctly understand and grasp the logic of Agamben's theory.The key to distinguishing the relationship between these two concepts lies in understanding the logic of Agamben's"threshold",which is the zone of indistinction that combines the inside and the outside,something that is included by the system in an exclusive way,and that makes the distinction between the interior and the exterior possible."Zoē"is the simple fact of"living"common to all living beings,which corresponds to"bios",a better form of political life."Bare life",which is the negative basis of politics,is produced by political power through the inclusive exclusion of"zoē".By denying"naked life",political power makes another part of life acquire a political form"bios".Therefore,"zoē"is formless life that has no connection with politics,while"bare life"is the production of political power and has a negative form."Bare life"is not"zoē",but the indistinctive threshold between“zoē”and“bios”,which marks the distinction that distinguishes"zoē"and"bios".