文艺作品属加种差定义及其操作化转换

Definition of"genus plus species difference"in literary and artistic works and its operational conversion

对文艺作品之定义问题的传统本质论式回答以属加种差定义的形式出现,而属加种差定义可能面临五种问题,分别是滞后性问题、有限性问题、恒定本质问题、连锁悖论问题、循环论证问题。20世纪中期以后出现了不同于传统本质论的重要答案,这些答案主要以程式性定义的面貌出现,但它们依然有着明显的局限性。社会科学领域中广泛运用的操作化定义则为这个问题带来了不同的解答方式,它拥有类似于程式性定义的优势,又不囿于属加种差定义和程式性定义的限制。操作化定义在为文艺作品定义问题带来新的解答方式的同时,还指示了文艺研究更多的发展可能性:扩容了的研究范畴,对文艺作品界定问题的因果性探究,思辨性理论和经验性研究方法的融合,以及文艺作品的实证化、计量化的研究进路。

The definition of literary and artistic works in traditional essentialism appears in the form of the definition of"genus plus species difference",which may face five issues:lag issue,limitation issue,issue of constant essence,paradox of infinite regress,and circular reasoning.After the mid-20th century,important answers diverging from traditional theories emerged,mainly in the form of procedural definitions,though these also have obvious drawbacks.The commonly-used operational definition in the field of social sciences provides a new solution to this problem.It has the advantage of being similar to the procedural definition,while avoiding the various limitations of definition of"genus plus species difference"and procedural definition.The operational definition not only brings new solutions to the problem of defining literary and artistic works,but also indicates more development possibilities for the research on literary and artistic works research:an expanded research scope,causal exploration of the definition of literary and artistic works,integration of speculative theory and empirical research methods,and empirical,quantitative research approaches to literary and artistic works.