“不法之法”:论王夫之诗法论的内涵与得失

"Bu Fa Zhi Fa":An analysis of the connotation,merits and demerits of Wang Fuzhi's poetics theory

诗法论相当于创作论。相比于情景论,王夫之的诗法论是一个较少被学者关注的论题。王夫之反对律诗创作的定法与成法,称其为“非法之法”。在八股文理论对诗歌创作的深度影响下,他否定制义学造成的“死法”;在格调派占据主导地位之时,否定格调派造成的“死律”。王夫之提倡“不法之法”及与之相关的“意脉”说、“一气”说、“一意”说,主张“以古诗作律”。从实践角度而言,王夫之的诗法论有符合诗歌创作规律、突破旧说的一面,也有标准过高、难以践行的一面。从思想基础来看,王夫之诗法论有深厚的哲学基础,拓宽了中国古代诗法理论的阐释空间。

Poetics theory equates composition theory.Compared to the theory of situation,Wang Fuzhi's poetics theory is a topic which has received relatively less attention from scholars.His definition and formation which is opposed to the well-accepted way of creation in metrical composition is termed as"Fei Fa Zhi Fa".Under the deep influence of stereotyped writing on poetic composition,he negates"the dead writing"caused by Zhi Yi School,and when Ge Diao School is in the dominant position,he denies the lifeless metrics caused by it.Instead,he advocates Bu Fa Zhi Fa,and its related theories of"Yi Mai""Yi Yi"and"Yi Qi",contending"writing metrical poetry by the standard of ancient poetry."In terms of practice,Wang Fuzhi's poetics theory,on the one hand,boasts advantages that cater to the regularity of poetry composition and breaks through the convention,but on the other hand,has advantages of being to demanding and difficult to apply.In terms of thinking basis,Wang Fuzhi's poetics theory has profound philosophical basis,hence extending the interpretation space of ancient Chinese poetics theory.