中药易混淆品快速鉴别方法研究

Study on Rapid Identification Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Easy to be Confused

目的:总结中药材真伪鉴别方法,对《中华人民共和国药典》和部颁标准性状描述、含量测定提出修改补充建议。方法:运用形态学、组织学对中药材进行性状、显微鉴定;运用高效液相色谱法测定含量,分析含量与性状的关系。结果:发现枳椇子、密蒙花、马鞭草的性状描述等存在问题,提出了修改意见;总结了山慈菇、酸枣仁、佛手花、蝉蜕的鉴别要点:(1)山慈菇表皮细胞的细胞壁较平直,稍弯曲;筒瓣兰的表皮细胞壁呈波浪状;(2)酸枣仁线形种脐周围平坦,有一圈突起的线纹;金丝小枣嫁接酸枣仁线形种脐周围不平坦,无线纹,个大,明显超出药典规定范围;(3)佛手花花萼杯状,内部无毛,雌蕊上部狭尖,有的可见指状小果实,花丝有毛;代代花花萼基部联合,先端5裂,内部有毛,雌蕊基部倒卵形,有的可见凹陷小油点,柱头膨大呈球形,花丝无毛,基部联合成数束;(4)蝉蜕腹面观,中足与后足之间有一明显的乳状突起,打开背部豁口从里面观察,可见5个孔洞,金蝉蜕该部位无乳状突起,里面观察,可见4个孔洞。结论:该研究为中药材标准的修订以及相关中药材的真伪鉴别提供了参考。

Objective:To summarize the identification methods of traditional Chinese medicines,and to propose the modification and supplement suggestions for the description of morphological and content determination in traditional Chinese medicines standards.Methods:Morphological,histological and High-performance liquid chromatography methods were used to identify the characters of traditional Chinese medicines,and the relationship between content and characters was analyzed.Results:The problems of morphological description of Semen Hoveniae,Buddlejac Flos and Verbenae Herba were found,and suggestions for modification were put forward.The identification characteristics of Pleiones Pseudobulbus,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Flos Citri Sarcodactylis and Cicadae Periostracum were summarized.The cell wall of the epidermis of Pleiones Pseudobulbus was straight and slightly curved;Anthogonium gracile Lindl's epidermal cell walls are wavy.Ziziphi Spinosae Semen around the navel of linear flat,with a ring of raised lines;Ziziphi Spinosae Semen grafted on Zizyphus jujuba cv.Jinsixiaozao,its linear hilum around uneven,no protuberant lines,large size,obviously out of the scope of the Chinese pharmacopoeia.The calyx of the Flos Citri Sarcodactylis is like a cup with no hair inside.Pistil narrowly pointed distally,some with small finger-like fruit.Filaments are hairy.Flos Citri Aurantii of calyx base united,Apex 5-lobed,inside hairy.Pistil base obovate,some can see the pit of small oil point.Stigma inflated globose,filaments glabrous,base united like bunches.Cicadae Periostracum abdomen view,the foot and hind foot between a clear milky process,open the back gap from the inside,visible 5 holes.Tibicen flammatus(Dist)this part of the emulsion without protuberance,inside the observation,visible 4 holes.Conclusion:It provides a reference for the revision of traditional Chinese medicine standards and the identification of related traditional Chinese medicine.