美国奶牛H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫情形势与研究进展

Status and Updates of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Dairy Cattle in the United States

自2024年3月25日美国确认首例奶牛H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病例以来,疫情不断蔓延,不但引发了大范围奶牛之间的传播,还跨物种传播到多种哺乳动物和奶牛从业人员,引发全球广泛关注。本文梳理总结了当前美国奶牛疫情的流行现状以及病毒来源、传播途径,病毒基因组和流行病学特征,人工感染试验以及巴氏杀菌对病毒的灭活效果等研究进展,以期为该病的风险防范提供重要参考。

Since 25 March 2024,when the first case of H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)was confirmed in dairy cattle in the United States,the disease has been continuously spreading,not only causing wide transmission among dairy cattle,but also to other species including various mammals and operators in cattle industry,and attracting global attention.In the study,the prevalence and updates of researches on virus source,transmission pathways,genomic and epidemiological characteristics of the virus,artificial infection experiments and the inactivation effect of pasteurization on the virus were summarized,with a view to supporting the prevention of risk brought by the disease.