尼帕病毒的环境存活能力及相关消毒剂研究现状

Environmental Survivability of Nipah Virus and Research Progress on Relevant Disinfectants

尼帕病毒(NiV)是一种高致病性病毒,其在环境中的存活能力及对消毒剂的敏感性对防控其人兽感染至关重要。NiV对温度、干燥、紫外线均较敏感,对pH的耐受范围较广;在适宜环境下,病毒在尿液和果汁中稳定性较高。季铵类、含氯类及高浓度醇类消毒剂等均可完全灭活NiV,但其有效浓度和消毒时间是确保病毒被完全灭活的关键因素,同时要现配现用。本文综述了NiV在不同环境因素下的存活能力及其相关消毒剂研究现状,以期为NiV感染防控提供参考。

Nipah virus(NiV)is a highly pathogenic virus,and its survivability in environment and sensitivity to disinfectants are crucial for prevention and control of human and animal infection.NiV is sensitive to temperature,dryness and ultraviolet lights tolerant to pH within a wide range;and highly stable in urine and fruit juice.It could be fully inactivated by quaternary ammonium,chlorinated and high-concentration alcohol disinfectants,but depending on the key factors including effective concentration and disinfection duration,and being simultaneously accompanied by real-time preparation.Here,the survivability of NiV under different environmental factors and researches on relevant disinfectants were reviewed,with a view to providing a reference for prevention and control of NiV infection.