2011-2021年潍坊市发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Weifang city from 2011to 2021

目的探索潍坊市发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)病例发病特征,为疾病防控提供依据。方法分析“全民健康保障疾控信息系统”中2011-01-01-2021-12-31潍坊市所有的SFTS病例,对SFTS病例在不同地区、人群、时间分布使用率、构成比进行统计描述。按照确诊病例与非确诊病例进行分层,分析不同病例类型之间流行特征。结果确诊病例年均发病率为0.22/10万,5~8月高发,存在2个发病高峰,青州市、临朐县、安丘市等山区、丘陵地区高发,发病平均年龄62.7岁,女性、农民为主要高危人群;非确诊病例发病出现明显下降趋势,发病高峰在7月,发病平均年龄53.6岁,男性、农民为主要高危人群,地区聚集性不明显。确诊病例与非确诊病例比较,年份发病数量(χ^(2)=81.42,P<0.001)、月份发病数量(χ^(2)=60.30,P<0.001)、各县市区例数(χ^(2)=66.72,P<0.001)、男女病例数(χ^(2)=9.52,P=0.002)、发病年龄(t=5.86,P<0.001)和发病人群(χ^(2)=44.00,P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义。所有病例就诊时间均为7.8 d,确诊病例终审诊断时间与发病时间间隔127.7 d,确诊病例与非确诊病例均在发病7 d后予以诊断,确诊病例诊断时间远远滞后于非确诊病例。结论潍坊市SFTS波动发病,双峰分布,存在季节性及空间聚集性,农民高发。实验室检测时间长,非确诊病例影响疫情分析,应根据流行特征分类采取措施,降低感染。

Objective To explore the characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)cases in Weifang city,so as to providing a basis for prevention and control.Methods All SFTS cases in Weifang city from January 1,2011,to December 31,2021,were analyzed in the"National Health Security and Disease Control Information System."The distribution,utilization,and composition ratio of SFTS cases in different regions,populations,and time periods were statistically described.Stratified analysis was conducted according to confirmed and non-confirmed cases to compare the epidemiological characteristics between different case types.Results The average annual incidence rate of confirmed cases was 0.22per 100000people,with a high incidence from May to August,and two peaks in the outbreak.In mountainous and hilly areas such as Qingzhou city,Linqu county,and Anqiu city,the incidence was high.The average age of onset was 62.7years old,with women and farmers being the main high-risk groups.The incidence of non-confirmed cases showed a significant downward trend,with a peak in July,and an average age of onset of 53.6years old.Men and farmers were the main high-risk groups,with no obvious regional clustering.Compared with non-confirmed cases,there were statistically significant differences in the number of cases by year(χ^(2)=81.42,P<0.001),month(χ^(2)=60.30,P<0.001),number of cases in each county and city(χ^(2)=66.72,P<0.001),male and female cases(χ^(2)=9.52,P=0.002),age of onset(t=5.86,P<0.001),and population of onset(χ^(2)=44.00,P<0.001).The time from onset to consultation for all cases was 7.8days,and the interval between the final diagnosis and onset for confirmed cases was 127.7days.Both confirmed and non-confirmed cases were diagnosed after 7days from the onset,with the diagnosis time for confirmed cases significantly delayed compared to non-confirmed cases.Conclusions The fluctuation of SFTS cases in Weifang city exhibits a bimodal distribution,with seasonal and spatial clustering,and a high incidence among farmers.The long duration of laboratory testing and the impact of non-confirmed cases on the analysis of the epidemic should be addressed.Measures should be taken based on the characteristics of the epidemic to reduce infections.