去中心化自治组织法律性质的解释论与立法论

Interpretive and Legislative Theories of the Legal Nature of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

去中心化自治组织具有分散、自治、开放等特征,是基于技术革新、要素重组及产业升级而催生的新质生产力新业态。在解释论上,去中心化自治组织并非公司、信托或合伙企业,而应定性为民事合伙。但该定性未赋予去中心化自治组织主体资格并给予成员有限责任保护,不利于其进一步发展。因此,有必要从立法论层面予以回应。对此,域外的有限责任企业、创新技术安排、新兴实体及二元主体立法模式具有借鉴意义但不宜直接移植。在我国,去中心化自治组织具有法人化的组织与政策基础,但其并非全新的算法法人,而是仍为自然人的团体构造,形成新型公司、非营利社团与财团三元类型体系。当前可引入沙盒监管模式进行实验性立法,未来则应通过制定单行法和完善相关法构建规范体系,从而实现组织创新与法治干预之平衡,促进数字经济高质量发展。

Decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)have the characteristics of decentralisation,autonomy and openness,and emerge as a new form of new quality productive forces driven by technological innovation,factor reorganization,and industrial upgrading.In interpretive theory,DAOs are not companies,trusts,or partnerships but should be classified as civil partnerships.However,this classification does not grant DAOs legal entity status or offer limited liability protection to their members,which hinders their further development.Therefore,it is necessary to address this issue from a legislative perspective.Foreign models related to limited liability companies,innovative technological arrangements,emerging entities,and dualistic legislative framework offer insights but are not directly transplantable.In China,DAOs have the organizational and policy foundation for corporatization,but they are not entirely new legal entities based on algorithms.Instead,they remain fundamentally a collective structure of natural persons,which can be a ternary type system of new companies,non-profit associations,and foundations.Now a regulatory sandbox approach can be introduced for experimental legislation,and in the future,a specialized law and improvements of related laws should be made to create a regulatory framework that balances organizational innovation with legal intervention to promote the high-quality development of the digital economy.