跨境电子商务与企业供应链效率——基于跨境电商政策的经验研究

Cross-border E-commerce and Enterprises' Supply Chain Efficiency--Empirical Research Based on Cross-border E-commerce Policies

跨境电商作为一种贸易新业态,能够优化供需匹配,高效配置各类跨境资源,是外贸高质量发展的新引擎。本文将信息不对称和资金占用成本纳入经济订货批量模型,并基于2008—2016年全国税收调查数据与中国海关进出口数据,从理论和实证上研究了跨境电商政策对企业供应链效率的影响。结果表明,跨境电商政策显著提升了企业的供应链效率。机制分析发现,缓解信息不对称和减少资金占用是跨境电商政策提升企业供应链效率的主要渠道。异质性分析表明,跨境电商政策对缺乏出口经验的企业、小微企业以及所在地区生产性服务业更完善、国内市场一体化水平更高的企业供应链效率的提升作用更大。进一步分析显示,数字贸易规则的签署有助于放大跨境电商政策对企业供应链效率的积极影响。本文为数字经济背景下如何维护产业链供应链稳定畅通,提高微观企业运营效率提供了经验证据。

As a new form of trade, cross-border e-commerce optimizes the alignment between supply and demand, efficiently allocates cross-border resources, and serves as a new driver for the high-quality development of foreign trade. In this paper, information asymmetry and capital occupancy costs are incorporated into the Economic Order Quantity model and the impact of cross-border e-commerce policies on enterprises' supply chain efficiency is theoretically and empirically studied based on the National Tax Survey Database and the China Customs Import and Export Database from 2008 to 2016. The results demonstrate that cross-border e-commerce policies significantly enhance enterprises' supply chain efficiency. Mechanism analysis finds that alleviating information asymmetry and reducing capital occupancy are the main channels for cross-border e-commerce policies to improve enterprises' supply chain efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis shows that cross-border e-commerce policies have a greater effect on the improvement of supply chain efficiency for enterprises lacking export experience, small and micro-enterprises, and enterprises with complete producer service industries in their regions and high domestic market integration. Further analysis reveals that the signing of digital trade rules helps amplify the positive impact of cross-border e-commerce policies on enterprises' supply chain efficiency. This paper provides empirical evidence for maintaining the stability of industrial chains and supply chains, and improving the operational efficiency of enterprises against the background of the digital economy.