制度型开放、营商环境改善与新质生产力发展——基于中国自由贸易试验区设立的准自然实验

Institutional Openness,Business Environment Improvement and Development of New Quality Productive Forces:A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on the Establishment of China's Pilot Free Trade Zones

自由贸易试验区作为新时期我国推进制度型开放的“试验田”,能否为新质生产力的培育提供助力并发挥先导示范作用,是当前政策层与学术界普遍关注的焦点议题。基于自贸区设立这一准自然实验,构建交错型倍差法模型实证检验制度型开放对新质生产力的影响效应和作用机制,结果发现制度型开放能显著促进新质生产力发展,自贸区的设立使所在地区新质生产力的发展水平平均提升了约7.490%。机制分析表明,制度型开放加快了市场制度的变革进程,改善了营商环境,从而有利于促进新质生产力的发展;异质性分析表明,制度型开放对新质生产力的促进效应存在差异,在自贸区设立时间较早和非正式制度较弱的地区更为明显。进一步分析表明,制度型开放具有显著的空间外溢效应,对毗邻省份新质生产力的发展具有辐射带动作用;自贸区制度创新水平越高、法律授权支持力度越大、产业集聚效应和吸引高端要素流动的效应越强,对新质生产力的促进效应越明显。研究结论对于进一步优化和完善自贸区建设、释放制度型开放红利、助推我国生产力能级跃迁具有重要启示意义。

As a“testing ground”for China's institutional openness in the new era,whether the construction of Pilot Free Trade Zones(FTZs)can provide assistance for the cultivation of new quality productive forces and play a pioneering and demonstrative role in the process is the focus of attention of the policy circles and academics at present.Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the establishment of FTZ,this paper constructs a time-varying DID model to empirically test the effect and mechanism of institutional openness on the new quality productive forces.It is found that institutional openness can significantly promote the development of new quality productive forces,which is manifested in the fact that the establishment of FTZ increases the development level of new quality productivity in the region by about 7.490%on average.The results of the mechanism test show that the institutional openness accelerates the market system change in the provincial areas,brings the effect of improving the business environment,and thus is conducive to promoting the emergence of new quality productive forces.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of institutional openness on new quality productive forces varies according to the batch of its establishment and the strength of clan culture in the region where it is located,and the development-promoting effect of the first two batches of FTZs and the FTZs in the regions with weaker informal systems is more obvious in comparison.Further analysis reveals that institutional openness has significant spatial spillover effect and has a radiation-driven effect on the development of new quality productive forces in neighboring provinces;in addition,the higher the level of institutional innovation in FTZs,the stronger the support of legal authorization,resulting in the stronger the effects of industrial agglomeration and attraction of high-end factor mobility,as well as the more pronounced is the promotion effect on new quality productive forces.The findings of this paper have important policy implications for further optimizing and improving the construction of FTZs in order to release the dividends of institutional openness,and then boost China's productivity leap.