基于红外相机技术调查江西永丰县的鸟兽多样性及优势物种活动节律

Investigation of bird and mammal diversity and dominant species activity rhythm in Yongfeng County,Jiangxi Province based on infrared camera technology

区域性生物多样性调查与编目对生物多样性保护至关重要,是制定物种保护和环境管理政策的基础。2023-03-2023-12在江西省永丰县境内7个乡镇布设60台红外相机,红外相机独立有效工作日10272台日,获得1388张独立有效照片,鉴定出29种鸟类和兽类,其中兽类4目7科13种,鸟类4目9科16种。所拍摄到物种中,有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物1种,白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti);国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物5种,分别是中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、白眉山鹧鸪(Arborophila gingica)、画眉(Garrulax canorus)和褐林鸮(Strix leptogrammica);中国脊椎动物红色名录易危(VU)物种4种,分别为小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、中华鬣羚、白眉山鹧鸪和白颈长尾雉;世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录易危物种1种,中华鬣羚;兽类相对丰富度最高的物种分别为赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)、果子狸(Paguma larvata)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和鼬獾(Melogale moschata),鸟类为白鹇和白眉山鹧鸪。优势物种活动节律分析表明,赤麂和野猪全天均有活动,果子狸和鼬獾属于夜行性,白鹇和白眉山鹧鸪均属于昼行性。活动节律重叠度分析表明,野猪和果子狸的活动节律重叠度最高,除野猪和果子狸、白眉山鹧鸪和白鹇以外,其余物种对的活动节律均存在显著分化。所有优势物种均存在活动节律的季节变化。

Regional biodiversity surveys are essential for biodiversity conservation and provide a basis for formulating policies for species conservation and environmental management.From March 2023 to December 2023,60 infrared cam‐eras were deployed across 7 townships in Yongfeng County,accumulating 10,272 camera trapping days.We obtained 1,388 effective images.From these images,we identified 13 mammals from 4 orders and 7 families and 16 birds from 4 or‐ders and 9 families.Among these species,one was listed as national first‐class protected wild animal,Syrmaticus ellioti.Five species were listed as national second‐class protected species,namely Capricornis milneedwardsii,Lophura nyc-themera,Arborophila gingica,Garrulax canorus,and Strix leptogrammica.Four species were listed as vulnerable(VU)in the China’s Vertebrate Red List,namely Muntiacus reevesi,Capricornis milneedwardsii,Arborophila gingi-ca,and Syrmaticus ellioti.One species was listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List,Capricornis milneedwardsii.The species with the highest relative abundance among mammals were Muntiacus vaginalis,Paguma larvata,Sus scro-fa,and Melogale moschata,while the birds were Lophura nycthemera and Arborophila gingica.Analysis of the activity rhythms revealed that Muntiacus vaginalis and Sus scrofa were active throughout the day,while Paguma larvata and Me-logale moschata were nocturnal,and Lophura nycthemera and Arborophila gingica were diurnal.The analysis of activity rhythm overlap demonstrated the highest overlap between Sus scrofa and Paguma larvata,with significant differentiation in activity rhythms observed among all other species pairs except for Sus scrofa and Paguma larvata,and Lophura nyc-themera and Arborophila gingica.All dominant species exhibited seasonal variations in their activity rhythms.