不同海拔武夷岩茶茶园根际土壤真菌多样性特征分析

Analysis of fungal diversity characteristics in rhizosphere soils of Wuyi rock tea gardens with different elevations

采用高通量测序技术分析比较了一地好茶(YDHC)、程墩毛岭(CDM)和程墩圣旨凹(SZA)3个海拔从低到高武夷岩茶茶园的根际土壤真菌群落组成。结果表明:距离相近的低海拔CDM和YDHC茶园根际土壤真菌群落组成较相似,两者丰富度和多样性均高于高海拔的SZA茶园,且SZA的真菌群落组成与低海拔的差异明显;主要优势真菌门均为子囊菌(Ascomycota)和担子菌(Basidiomycota),且二者相对丰度分别随海拔的升高而增加和减少;主要优势菌属依次为镰孢菌(Fusarium)、银耳目分类不明属(norank_o_Tremellales)和伞菌纲分类不明属(norank_c_Agaricomycetes),并分别富集有17种、13种和14种真菌物种;不同海拔之间的茶树根际土壤pH值和速效钾差异显著,pH显著影响真菌群落组成,且低海拔土壤性质对真菌物种的影响强于高海拔;不同海拔根际土壤真菌群落的营养模式以腐生营养型、病理营养型和共生营养型为主,且大部分营养型菌群相对丰度随海拔降低而减少。海拔影响武夷岩茶茶园土壤真菌群落组成,可能影响其相关生态功能和茶叶品质形成。

Fungal diversity and species composition in the rhizoshpere soils of Wuyi rock tea gradens were detected by high throughput sequencing and their relationships with soil properties were also investigated.The rhizosphere soils were collected in three tea gardens from low to high elevation,including Yidihaocha(YDHC),Chengdunmaoling(CDM)and Chengdunshengzhiao(SZA)in Wuyishan National Park.The results showed that,the fungal community compositions in CDM and YDHC tea gardens with lower elevations were similar,both richness and diversity of them were higher than those of SZA tea garden with higher elevation,and the fungal community composition of SZA was sig-nificantly different from that of the lower elevations.The main dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomyco-ta,while their relative abundances increased and decreased respectively with the increase of elevation.The main domi-nant fungal genera were Fusarium,norank_o_Tremellales and norank_c_Agaricomycetes,respectively,with 17,13 and 14 fungal species enriched.pH and available potassium of SZA,CDM and YDHC were significantly different,and pH had significant impact on the fungal composition,and the effects of soil properties on fungal species at low elevation were stronger than at high elevation.The nutritional patterns of fungal communities dominated by saprotroph,pathotroph and symbiotroph,and most of their relative abundance declined with the decrease of elevation.Elevation affects the fungal community in the rhizosphere soils of Wuyi rock tea gardens,which may affect their ecological functions and tea quality formation.