基于满意度的零担车货配载问题研究

Research on Less-Than-Truckload Vehicle-cargo Loading Problem Based on Satisfaction

为研究城际型零担货运的车货配载问题,首先,基于车主、货主双方的需求,对车货匹配过程中影响双方匹配满意度的因素进行分析并构建相应的指标体系。接着,在引入效用函数对不同指标下的满意度进行量化的基础上,建立了基于现实约束且以车、货双方匹配满意度最大化为目标的车货配载模型。最后,设计了一种基于车辆载重和容积约束判断以及最优个体选择机制的遗传算法(VCL-GA)来解决配载问题,并进行仿真实验验证其有效性。通过与GA结果和LINGO精确求解结果进行比较验证后得出结论:VCL-GA的综合匹配结果相对较优,且在求解车货配载问题上具有合理性和良好的求解性能。此外,通过对车主、货主双方匹配需求满意度的考量,可以促进供需匹配双方的平衡,所得出的配载方案也更符合双方预期,有利于提高城际型零担货运市场的运输效率和优化资源配置。

In order to study the loading problem of intercity Less-Than-Truckload(LTL)shipping,based on the demand of both vehicle and cargo owners and the factors that affect the satisfaction of both sides in the matching process of vehicle and cargo,the corresponding index system was analyzed and constructed.Then,the utility function was introduced to quantify the satisfaction under different indicators,and a vehicle-cargo loading model was established based on realistic constraints and aimed at maximizing the matching satisfaction between vehicle and cargo.Finally,a genetic algorithm(VCL-GA)based on vehicle load and volume constraint judgement and optimal individual selection mechanism was designed to verify its effectiveness.By comparing with GA results and LINGO results,we concluded that the comprehensive matching result of VCL-GA is relatively superior and has rationality and good performance in solving the vehicle-cargo loading problem.In addition,through the consideration of the satisfaction of the matching demand of both vehicle and cargo owners,it can promote the balance of supply and demand matching between the two sides,and the resulting matching scheme is more in line with the expectations of both sides,which is conducive to improving the transport efficiency of the intercity LTL market and optimizing the allocation of resources.