基于FRAM的城乡自建房坍塌风险分析和应对

Analysis and response of urban and rural self-built houses collapse risks based on FRAM

老旧、违规自建房坍塌事故是我国城乡现阶段面临的重大安全风险,基于功能共振分析法(FRAM)分析自建房坍塌事故系统风险-事故演化机制,并将影响FRAM各属性的风险因素分为政府监管、安全管理、相关人员、环境条件以及建筑物自身因素5大类,以湖南长沙“4·29”特别重大居民自建房倒塌事故为例对自建房坍塌事故的功能耦合过程进行定性分析,确定其失效链接,进而研究其预防控制方法。结果表明:自建房坍塌事故案例中,设计方案审查、政府备案部门审批、施工、发现坍塌风险、人员撤离5个功能模块的内部变化,引起功能模块的不正常振荡,通过非线性耦合共振引起多项失效功能链接,进而导致坍塌事故的发生。

The collapse accidents of the old and illegal urban and rural self-build houses is one of the major safety risks faced by Chinese cities at this stage.Therefore,the systematic risk-accident evolution mechanism of self-build houses collapse accidents is analyzed based on Function Resonance Analysis Method(FRAM).And in this paper,the risk factors affecting FRAM attributes are divided into five categories:government supervision,safety management,relevant personnel,environmental conditions and building factors.Taking the"4·29"especially major collapse accident of residents'self-built houses in Changsha,Hunan Province as an example,the functional coupling process of selfbuild houses collapse accident is qualitatively analyzed,and its failed functional links are determined.Then the prevention and control methods are studied based on the failure function links.The results show:in the case of the especially major self-build houses collapse accident,internal changes of five functional modules,such as review the design proposal,government filing department for examination and approval,build the building,discover the collapse risks and personnel evacuation,cause the abnormal oscillation of the functional modules.Finally,multiple failure function links are caused by nonlinear coupling resonance,which leads to collapse accidents.